This paper presents a model to estimate the solar radiation under clear sky conditions over stationary, moving as well as flying objects. For the latter it is important to predict the peak solar irradiance under clear sky condition to calculate maxi
An absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) with a detachable optical window was designed and built for high accuracy optical radiant power measurement and photodetector spectral responsivity calibration. The ACR receiver is an electroplated pure copper c
A radiant source with a large aperture at 5-95 Celsius degree in the wavelength bands of 8-12 'mu'm for calibrating infrared imaging systems has been designed. The effective emissivity of its flat bottom with concentric V-grooves was evaluated by the
