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详细说明： Introduction..................................................................1 0.1 Bionanotechnology: AHistoricalPerspective .................................1 0.2 NanotechnologyandBionanotechnology...................................4 0.3 NotableNanoimagesinBio nanotechnology.................................5 0.3.1 AFM-Qd........................................................5 0.3.2 Nano-drugDeliveryChip.........................................6 0.3.3 AtomicForceMicroscopyImage(AFM)ofSWNT..................7 0.3.4 ScanningElectronMicroscopyImage(SEM)ofSWNT..............7 0.4 Opportunities and Challenges of Bionanotechnology ........................8 0.5 Growth potential of Nanotechnology and Related Expenditures.................................................9 References....................................................................12 1. TheSignificanceofNanoDomain.............................................15 1.1 LimitationsofMicronSize...............................................15 1.2 NeedforNano-Size—SurfaceVolumeRatioSignificance...................15 1.3 SignificanceandKeyFeaturesofNano-Size...............................16 1.4 Derivation of Bohr’s Atomic Radius ofaHydrogenAtom....................................................17 1.5 Comparison of Particle Behavior at Nano-Size toMacroSize:GoldandTitania..........................................23 1.6 AdvantagesofScalingDown—Nano-Size.................................25 References....................................................................27 2. NanoDrugDelivery..........................................................31 2.1 ConventionalDrugDelivery .............................................31 2.1.1 FirstPassEffect.................................................31 2.1.2 RoutesofDelivery...............................................33 2.2 TargetedDrugDelivery..................................................34 2.3 ChemistryofDrugDeliveryVehicles......................................35 2.3.1 Nanocapsules....................................................35 2.3.2 Unilamellar Liposomal Vesicles ...................................35 vi BIONANOTECHNOLOGY 2.3.3 Nanoparticles....................................................36 2.3.4 Microemulsions.................................................36 2.4 DeliveryProfiles........................................................37 2.4.1 Rate-PreprogrammedDrugDeliverySystems......................39 2.4.2 Activation-ModulatedDrugDeliverySystems......................39 2.4.3 Feedback-RegulatedDrugDeliverySystems........................40 2.4.4 Site-TargetingDrugDeliverySystems.............................40 2.5 TheRoleofNanotechnologyinDrugDelivery.............................40 2.5.1 Transdermal....................................................41 2.5.2 BloodBrainBarrier..............................................42 2.6 AdvantagesofTargetedDrugDeliverySystems............................43 References....................................................................43 3. BioNanoimaging.............................................................47 3.1 QuantumDots..........................................................47 3.2 UltrasoundContrastAgents..............................................52 3.3 MagneticNanoparticles..................................................60 References....................................................................63 4. SuccessfulApplicationsofBionanotechnology.................................67 4.1 NanostructuresandNanosystems.........................................68 4.1.1 NanoporeTechnology............................................69 4.1.2 NanoSelf-AssemblingSystems...................................69 4.1.3 Cantilevers......................................................70 4.1.4 Nanoarrays......................................................70 4.2 Nanoparticles...........................................................71 4.2.1 QuantumDots(QDs)............................................71 4.2.2 ParamagneticIronOxideCrystals.................................72 4.2.3 Dendrimers.....................................................73 4.2.4 CarbonNanotubes...............................................74 4.2.5 NanosomesandPolymersomes....................................75 4.3 InVitroDiagnostics.....................................................75 4.4 Medical Application of Nanosystems andNanoparticles.......................................................76 4.4.1 DrugDeliveryApplications.......................................77 4.4.2 NanoparticlesinMolecularImaging ..............................78 4.5 SummaryandConclusions...............................................79 References....................................................................79 CONTENTS vii 5. SynthesisofGold,Titania,and Zinc Oxide...................................85 5.1 SynthesisofGold.......................................................85 5.1.1 Background.....................................................85 5.1.2 Brust Method of Synthesis of Thiol Derivatized Gold NPs byBiphasicReduction............................................85 5.1.3 GoldColloids...................................................87 5.1.4 GoldNanofilm..................................................87 5.1.5 GoldNanorods..................................................88 5.2 SynthesisofTitaniaNanostructures.......................................88 5.2.1 Background.....................................................88 5.2.2 Solvo-ThermalSynthesisofTitaniaNanoCrystals..................89 5.2.3 Sol-GelTemplateSynthesisofTitaniaNanoTubesandRods.......89 5.2.4 Overview of Other Synthesis Methods.............................91 5.3 SynthesisofZincOxide.................................................93 5.3.1 Background.....................................................93 5.3.2 TheSolid-VaporSynthesisofZnO................................93 5.1 ......................................................................101 5.1.1 Brust Method of Synthesis of Thiol Derivatized Gold NPs byBiphasicReduction..........................................101 5.2 ......................................................................102 5.2.1 Solvo-ThermalSynthesisofTitaniaNanoCrystals.................102 5.2.2 Sol-GelTemplateSynthesisofTitaniaNanoTubesandRods......102 5.2.3 Overview of Other Synthesis Methods............................103 5.3 ......................................................................104 5.3.1 The Solid-Vapor Synthesis of ZnO: Horizontal Tube Furnace......104 5.3.2 WurtziteStructureofZnO......................................105 References..................................................................105 6. IsBionanotechnologyaPanacea?.............................................109 6.1 Background...........................................................109 6.2 PrimaryConcerns......................................................109 6.3 AssessingPotentialRisks...............................................110 6.3.1 Inhalation......................................................112 6.3.2 Contact/DermalDelivery........................................112 6.3.3 OtherRoutesofContact........................................113 6.3.4 EnvironmentalImpactsofNPsandtheFoodChain...............113 6.3.5 ExplosionHazards..............................................114 viii BIONANOTECHNOLOGY 6.4 LessonsfromthePast..................................................114 6.5 Conclusion............................................................116 References..................................................................116 7. RoadmaptoRealizationof Bionanotechnology...............................121 7.1 Introduction...........................................................121 7.2 NanoVision:theFuturisticGoalsofBionanotech.........................121 7.3 WorkingtowardRealization:CurrentProgress............................122 7.4 Screenshot of Reality: Bionano-Unbiased/Uncensored.....................123 7.5 The Nano Mission: Roadmap to Realization ofTranslationResearch.................................................124 7.5.1 BionanointheUS..............................................124 7.5.2 Bio-NanoinJapan..............................................126 7.5.3 Bio-NanoinUK...............................................126 7.5.4 UK–JapanJointInitiativeforBionanotechnology..................126 7.5.5 TheEUInitiativeinBionanotech................................126 7.5.6 BionanoinAsia................................................128 References..................................................................132 AuthorBiography...........................................................139 ...展开收缩
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