ANTLR中文手册Cownew版前言 ANTLR是什么 .....................

文件名称: ANTLR中文手册Cownew版

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上传时间: 2010-06-01

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详细说明：前言 ANTLR是什么 ......................................................................................................................... 5 第1章 ANTLR规范: 元语言（Meta-Language） ......................................................................... 6 1.1元语言词汇表（Meta-Language Vocabulary） ................................................................. 6 1.2 Header段（Header Section） ......................................................................................... 12 1.3语法分析类的定义（Paser Class Definitions）............................. ............................... 12 1.4词法分析类定义（Lexcal Analyzer Class Definitions） ................................................... 13 1.5树分析类定义（Tree-parser Class Definitions） ............................................................. 14 1.6 选项段（Option Section） ....................................................................................... 14 1.7 记号段（Tokens Section） ....................................................................................... 14 1.8语法继承（Grammar Inheritance） ............................................................................ 16 1.9规则定义（Rule Definitions ） ....................................................................................... 16 1.10 原子的产生式元素（Atomic Production Elements） ................................................ 19 1.11 简单的产生式元素（Simple Production Elements） ................................................ 21 1.12产生式元素操作符（Production Element Operators）................................................ 22 1.13记号类 ............................................................................................................................ 24 1.14谓词 ............................................................................................................................... 24 1.15元素标签......................................................................................................................... 25 1.16 扩展的BNF规则元素（EBNF Rule Elements） ......................................................... 25 1.17 语义动作的解释（Interpretation Of Semantic Actions） .......................................... 26 1.18 语义谓词（Semantic Predicates） ............................................................................... 26 1.19语法谓词（Syntactic Predicates） ................................................................................. 28 1.19.1固定深度的超前预测分析和语法谓词（Fixed depth lookahead and syntactic predicates） ................................................................................................................... 29 1.20 ANTLR元语言文法（ANTLR-meta Lanuage Grammar） ........................................... 30 第2章使用ANTLR进行词法分析（Lexical Analysis with ANTLR） .......................................... 30 2.1词法规则（Lexical Rules） .............................................................................................. 31 2.1.1跳过字符（Skipping characters） ...................................................................... 32 2.1.2词法分析规则的区别（Distinguishing between lexer rules） .......................... 32 2.1.3返回值（Return values）..................................................................................... 33 2.2含谓词的LL(k)词法分析 .................................................................................................. 34 2.3关键字和字面值（Keywords and literals） .................................................................... 37 2.4常见的前缀（Common prefixes） .................................................................................. 37 2.5记号定义文件（Token definition files） ......................................................................... 38 2.6字符类（Character classes） ........................................................................................... 38 2.7记号属性（Token Attributes） ........................................................................................ 38 2.8词法超前分析和记号结束符（Lexical lookahead and the end-of-token symbol） ....... 38 2.9扫描二进制文件（Scanning Binary Files） ..................................................................... 43 第3章 ANTLR的树分析器 ........................................................................................................... 44 3.1 什么是树分析器？ .......................................................................................................... 45 3.2 可以分析什么类型的树？ .............................................................................................. 45 3.3 树的语法规则.................................................................................................................. 46 3.4 句法断言.......................................................................................................................... 47 3.5 语义断言.......................................................................................................................... 48 3.6 一个树遍历器的例子 ...................................................................................................... 48 3.7 翻译 ................................................................................................................................ 51 3.8 一个树翻译的例子 .......................................................................................................... 51 3.9 检查/调试AST ................................................................................................................. 53 第4章记号流（Token Streams） ............................................................................................... 54 4.1引言 ................................................................................................................................. 54 4.2自由通过记号流............................................................................................................... 55 4.3记号流过滤....................................................................................................................... 56 4.4记号流分离....................................................................................................................... 57 4.4.1例子........................................................................................................................ 58 4.4.2过滤器实现 ............................................................................................................ 59 4.4.3如何使用这个过滤器 ............................................................................................ 60 4.4.4树的创建................................................................................................................ 61 4.4.5垃圾回收................................................................................................................ 62 4.4.6附注........................................................................................................................ 62 4.5记号流多路技术 (又叫 "词法分析器多状态") ............................................................. 63 4.5.1多词法分析器 ........................................................................................................ 63 4.5.2词法分析器共享同一字符流 ................................................................................ 66 4.5.3分析多元记号流 .................................................................................................... 66 4.5.4多记号流超前扫描的效果 .................................................................................... 68 4.5.5多词法分析器vs调用另一条词法规则............................................................... 68 4.6 TokenStreamRewriteEngine 简单的语法制导翻译 ........................................................ 70 4.7 未来 ................................................................................................................................ 70 第5章记号（token）词汇表...................................................................................................... 71 5.1引言 ................................................................................................................................. 71 5.1.1 ANTLR如何决定哪个词法符号是什么记号类型?............................................... 72 5.1.2为什么记号类型从4开始 .................................................................................... 72 5.1.3 ANTLR生成什么样的词汇表相关的文件 ............................................................ 72 5.1.4 ANTLR怎样同步在同一文件和不同文件里文法的符号类型映射..................... 72 5.2文法继承和词汇表 ........................................................................................................... 74 5.3识别器生成顺序............................................................................................................... 75 5.4词汇表的一些使用技巧 ................................................................................................... 76 第6章错误处理及恢复 ............................................................................................................... 78 6.1、ANLTR的异常体系结构 ................................................................................................ 78 6.2 借助文法来修改默认的错误消息 ................................................................................. 81 6.3 解析异常处理 ................................................................................................................. 81 6.4 指定解析异常处理方法 ................................................................................................. 82 6.5 Lexer中的默认异常处理 .............................................................................................. 83 第7章Java Runtime Model ....................................................................................................... 85 第8章C++ Runtime Model ........................................................................................................ 85 第9章C# Runtime Model........................................................................................................... 85 第10章Python Runtime Model ................................................................................................. 85 第11章ANTLR树构建 ................................................................................................................... 85 11.1注释............................................................................................................................... 86 11.2 控制AST构建 ............................................................................................................... 86 11.3 构建AST的语法注释 ................................................................................................... 86 11.3.1叶节点 ................................................................................................................ 86 11.3.2 根节点 ............................................................................................................... 86 11.3.3 关闭标准树的构建 ........................................................................................... 87 11.3.4树节点构建 ........................................................................................................ 88 11.3.5 AST Action换化 .............................................................................................. 88 11.4 执行解析创建树 ........................................................................................................... 90 11.5 AST工厂 ........................................................................................................................ 90 11.6异类ASTs ....................................................................................................................... 92 11.6.1 一棵表达式树例子 ........................................................................................... 93 11.6.2 使用语法描述异构树 ..................................................................................... 100 11.7 AST（XML）序列化 ..................................................................................................... 101 11.8 AST枚举 ...................................................................................................................... 102 11.9 一些例子 ..................................................................................................................... 102 11.10 标签子规则 ............................................................................................................... 103 11.11 引用节点 ................................................................................................................... 107 11.12 必需的AST功能与形式 ........................................................................................... 107 第12章语法继承（Grammar Inheritance） ............................................................................ 110 12.1 语法继承（Grammar Inheritance） ........................................................................... 110 12.2 功能（Functionality）................................................................................................. 113 12.3 父语法（Supergrammar）可以放置的位置 .............................................................. 115 12.4 错误信息（Error Messages） ..................................................................................... 116 第13章选项（Options） .......................................................................................................... 116 13.1文件、语法和规则的选项（File, Grammar, and Rule Options） .............................. 116 13.1.1 ANTLR中支持的选项（Options supported in ANTLR） .................................. 118 13.1.2 language: 设置生成的目标语言 ...................................................................... 121 13.1.3 k: 设置 lookahead（前瞻）的深度 ................................................................ 121 13.1.4 importVocab: 初始化语法词汇表 .................................................................... 122 13.1.5 exportVocab: 指定导出词汇表的名称 ............................................................ 123 13.1.6 testLiterals: 是否生成常量检测代码 ............................................................... 124 13.1.7 defaultErrorHandler: 设置默认的错误处理器 ................................................ 125 13.1.8 codeGenMakeSwitchThreshold: 控制代码的生成 ........................................... 126 13.1.9 codeGenBitsetTestThreshold: 控制代码的生成 ............................................... 126 13.1.10 buildAST: 自动创建抽象语法树（AST） ....................................................... 127 13.1.11 ASTLabelType: 设置节点类型 ........................................................................ 127 13.1.12 charVocabulary: 设置词法分析器的字符表 .................................................. 128 13.1.13 warnWhenFollowAmbig ................................................................................... 129 13.2 命令行选项（Command Line Options） .................................................................... 131 ...展开收缩

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