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详细说明： C++?? A Critique of C++ and Programming and Language Trends of the 1990s 3rd Edition Ian Joyner 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................1 2. THE ROLE OF A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE...........................................................................................2 ROGRAMMING ..................................................................................................................................... .............3 2.1 P 2.2 C OMMUNICATION, ABSTRACTION AND PRECISION.................................................................................................4 2.3 N OTATION .........................................................................................................................................................5 2.4 T OOL INTEGRATION............................................................................................................................................5 2.5 C ORRECTNESS....................................................................................................................................................5 2.6 T YPES................................................................................................................................................................7 2.7 R EDUNDANCY AND CHECKING ............................................................................................................................7 2.8 E NCAPSULATION ................................................................................................................................................8 2.9 S AFETY AND COURTESY CONCERNS ....................................................................................................................8 2.10 I MPLEMENTATION AND DEPLOYMENT CONCERNS...............................................................................................9 2.11 C ONCLUDING REMARKS....................................................................................................................................9 3. C++ SPECIFIC CRITICISMS..............................................................................................................................9 IRTUAL FUNCTIONS..........................................................................................................................................9 3.1 V 3.2 G LOBAL ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................................12 3.3 T YPE-SAFE LINKAGE.........................................................................................................................................13 3.4 F UNCTION OVERLOADING.................................................................................................................................14 3.5 T HE NATURE OF INHERITANCE..........................................................................................................................15 3.6 M ULTIPLE INHERITANCE...................................................................................................................................16 3.7 V IRTUAL CLASSES............................................................................................................................................17 3.8 T EMPLATES......................................................................................................................................................17 3.9 N AME OVERLOADING .......................................................................................................................................19 3.10 N ESTED CLASSES............................................................................................................................................21 3.11 G LOBAL ENVIRONMENTS................................................................................................................................22 3.12 P OLYMORPHISM AND INHERITANCE.................................................................................................................23 3.13 T YPE CASTS...................................................................................................................................................23 3.14 RTTI AND TYPE CASTS...................................................................................................................................24 3.15 N EW TYPE CASTS...........................................................................................................................................25 3.16 J AVA AND CASTS............................................................................................................................................26 3.17 ‘.’ AND ‘->’...................................................................................................................................................26 3.18 A NONYMOUS PARAMETERS IN CLASS DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................27 3.19 N AMELESS CONSTRUCTORS.............................................................................................................................27 3.20 C ONSTRUCTORS AND TEMPORARIES ................................................................................................................27 3.21 O PTIONAL PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................................28 3.22 B AD DELETIONS.............................................................................................................................................28 3.23 L OCAL ENTITY DECLARATIONS........................................................................................................................28 3.24 M EMBERS ......................................................................................................................................................29 3.25 I NLINES..........................................................................................................................................................29 3.26 F RIENDS.........................................................................................................................................................30 3.27 C ONTROLLED EXPORTS VS FRIENDS .................................................................................................................30 3.28 S TATIC...........................................................................................................................................................31 3.29 U NION............................................................................................................................................................32 3.30 S TRUCTS........................................................................................................................................................32 3.31 T YPEDEFS ......................................................................................................................................................32 3.32 N AMESPACES..................................................................................................................................................32 3.33 H EADER FILES................................................................................................................................................33 3.34 C LASS INTERFACES.........................................................................................................................................34 3.35 C LASS HEADER DECLARATIONS.......................................................................................................................34 3.36 G ARBAGE COLLECTION...................................................................................................................................34 3.37 L OW LEVEL CODING........................................................................................................................................35 3.38 S IGNATURE VARIANCE....................................................................................................................................35 3.39 P URE VIRTUAL FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................................36 3.40 P ROGRAMMING BY CONTRACT........................................................................................................................36 3.41 C++ AND THE SOFTWARE LIFECYCLE...............................................................................................................37 3.42 CASE T OOLS.................................................................................................................................................38 3.43 R EUSABILITY AND COMMUNICATION...............................................................................................................39 3.44 R EUSABILITY AND TRUST................................................................................................................................39 3.45 R EUSABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY..................................................................................................................40 3rd Edition (C) Ian Joyner 1996 C++?? iii 3.46 REUSABILITY AND PORTABILITY......................................................................................................................40 3.47 I DIOMATIC PROGRAMMING..............................................................................................................................41 3.48 C ONCURRENT PROGRAMMING.........................................................................................................................41 3.49 S TANDARDISATION, STABILITY AND MATURITY..............................................................................................42 3.50 C OMPLEXITY..................................................................................................................................................43 3.51 C++: THE OVERWHELMING OOL OF CHOICE?.................................................................................................44 4. GENERIC C CRITICISMS................................................................................................................................45 OINTERS.........................................................................................................................................................45 4.1 P 4.2 A RRAYS...........................................................................................................................................................46 4.3 F UNCTION ARGUMENTS....................................................................................................................................47 4.4 VOID AND VOID *..............................................................................................................................................48 4.5 VOID FN ()........................................................................................................................................................48 4.6 FN ().................................................................................................................................................................49 4.7 FN (VOID).........................................................................................................................................................50 4.8 M ETADATA IN STRINGS.....................................................................................................................................50 4.9 ++, --...............................................................................................................................................................50 4.10 D EFINES.........................................................................................................................................................51 4.11 NULL VS 0....................................................................................................................................................51 4.12 C ASE SENSITIVITY..........................................................................................................................................52 4.13 A SSIGNMENT OPERATOR.................................................................................................................................53 4.14 CHAR; SIGNED AND UNSIGNED.........................................................................................................................53 4.15 S EMICOLONS..................................................................................................................................................53 4.16 B OOLEANS .....................................................................................................................................................54 4.17 C OMMENTS....................................................................................................................................................54 4.18 C PAGHE++I....................................................................................................................................................54 4.18.1 Cpaghe++i Gotos..................................................................................................................................54 4.18.2 Cpaghe++i Globals...............................................................................................................................55 4.18.3 Cpaghe++i Pointers...............................................................................................................................55 5. CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................................................................56 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................................58 7. WEBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................................................59 ...展开收缩
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