文件名称:
Beginning Unix 2005
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上传时间: 2010-09-30
详细说明： Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Who Is This Book For? What Does This Book Cover? How This Book Is Structured What Do You Need to Use This Book? Conventions Source Code Errata xix xxi xxi xxii xxii xxv xxv xxv xxv Chapter 1: Unix Fundamentals 1 Brief History 1 Unix Versions 2 Operating System Components 3 Unix Kernel Shells The Other Components Summary Chapter 2: First Steps System Startup Logging In and Out of Unix Logging In via GUI Logging In at the Command Line Remotely Logging In The Shell Logging Out System Shutdown Getting Help with Man Pages Summary 4 5 5 8 9 9 13 14 17 20 24 24 24 25 28 Contents Chapter 3: Understanding Users and Groups Account Basics Root Account System Accounts User Accounts Group Accounts Managing Users and Groups /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group Mac OS X Differences Managing Accounts and Groups Account Management Group Management User Management with Graphical User Interface Tools Becoming Another User User- and Group-Related Commands Summary Exercises Chapter 4: File System Concepts File System Basics 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 34 37 39 40 41 43 44 46 47 50 50 53 53 Directory Structure 54 Root’s Basic Directories 55 Paths and Case 56 Navigating the File System 57 pwd cd which and whereis find file ls File Types Links File and Directory Permissions Changing Permissions Using chmod in Symbolic Mode Using chmod with Absolute Permissions Viewing Files x 58 58 59 60 60 61 63 63 68 69 69 70 71 Contents Creating, Modifying, and Removing Files 72 Deleting Files 73 Making and Removing Directories 74 Basic File System Management 74 Making File Systems Accessible 77 Summary 79 Exercise 80 Chapter 5: Customize Your Working Environment Environment Variables The PS1 Variable Other Environment Variables Understanding the Path The PATH Environment Variable Relative and Absolute Paths Moving around the File System Choosing a Shell Changing a Shell Temporarily Changing the Default Shell Which Shell? 81 81 81 83 83 84 85 86 86 87 87 88 Configuring Your Shell 93 Run Control Files 93 Environment Variables 98 Aliases 101 Options 101 Dynamic Shared Library Paths LD_LIBRARY_PATH LD_DEBUG Summary Exercises 102 103 103 104 104 Chapter 6: Unix Commands In-Depth 105 Anatomy of a Command 106 Finding Information about Commands 108 man info apropos Command Modification Metacharacters Input and Output Redirection 109 109 110 111 111 112 xi Contents Pipes Command Substitution Working with Files and Directories ls cd Common File Manipulation Commands cat more/less mv cp rm touch wc File Ownership and Permissions File Ownership File Permissions umask Executable Files 114 114 115 115 116 116 116 117 117 118 118 118 118 119 119 120 121 122 Maintaining File System Quotas 122 Summary 124 Exercise 124 Chapter 7: Editing Files with Vi 125 Using Vi 126 Moving within a File 128 Searching Files 133 Exiting and Saving a File 133 Editing Files 134 Deleting Characters 136 Change Commands 137 Advanced Commands 139 Help! Running Commands Replacing Text Versions of Vi Summary Exercises Chapter 8: Advanced Tools Regular Expressions and Metacharacters Understanding Metacharacters Regular Expressions xii 141 143 143 146 147 147 149 149 150 154 Contents Using SFTP and FTP More Advanced Commands 155 160 grep 160 find 161 sort 163 tee 165 script 165 wc 165 Summary 166 Exercises 166 Chapter 9: Advanced Unix Commands: Sed and AWK Sed Using the -e Option Sed Files Sed Commands AWK 167 168 169 170 171 173 Extracting with AWK 174 Working with Patterns 175 Programming with AWK 176 Summary 178 Exercises 179 Chapter 10: Job Control and Process Management What Is a Process? Shell Scripts What Processes Are Running? 181 181 182 183 ps Syntax 184 Process States 185 System Processes 185 Process Attributes 188 Stopping Processes 189 The Process Tree 191 Zombie Processes 192 The top Command 192 The /proc File System 194 SETUID and SETGID 195 Shell Job Control 196 Summary 198 xiii Contents Chapter 11: Running Programs at Specified Times System Clock Checking and Setting the System Clock with Date Syncing Clocks on Linux with hwclock Syncing the System Clock with NTP Scheduling Commands to Run in the Future Routine Execution with Cron One-Time Execution with at Summary Exercise Chapter 12: Security The Basics of Good Security 199 199 200 201 201 202 202 209 211 211 213 213 Assets Worth Protecting 214 Potential Issues 214 Securing Your Unix System 215 Password Security 216 Password Discovery Programs 216 Limiting Administrative Access 217 UID 0 Root Management Options Setting up Sudo 217 218 218 System Administration Preventive Tasks 221 Remove Unneeded Accounts 221 Patch, Restrict, or Remove Programs 222 Disable Unneeded Services 223 Monitor and Restrict Access to Services 223 Implement Built-in Firewalls 224 Other Security Programs 224 Summary Exercise Chapter 13: Basic Shell Scripting Commenting and Documenting Scripts Getting Down to It Invoking the Shell Variables Reading Input from the Keyboard Special Variables Exit Status xiv 225 225 227 227 229 230 231 232 232 232 Contents Flow Control Conditional Flow Control Iterative Flow Control Choosing a Shell for Scripting Summary Exercises Chapter 14: Advanced Shell Scripting Advanced Scripting Concepts Input and Output Redirection Command Substitution: Back Ticks and Brace Expansion Using Environment and Shell Variables Shell Functions Returning Values Nested Functions and Recursion Scope Function Libraries getopts Signals and Traps File Handling Arrays Shell Security Where Can Attacks Come From? Taking Precautions Restricted Shells 233 233 239 240 241 241 243 243 244 246 246 247 249 249 250 252 253 254 255 257 260 260 261 261 System Administration 263 Gathering Information 264 Performing Tasks 265 Debugging Scripts 265 Summary Exercises Chapter 15: System Logging Log Files Introducing Syslogd Understanding the syslog.conf File What’s the Message? The Logger Utility Rotating Logs 267 267 269 269 270 271 274 275 275 xv Contents Monitoring System Logs Logwatch Swatch Summary Exercises Chapter 16: Unix Networking TCP/IP Introducing TCP Introducing IP Other Protocols Used with TCP/IP Network Address, Subnetworks, Netmasks, and Routing with TCP/IP Setting Up a Unix System for a TCP/IP Network Configuring for a TCP/IP Network Request A Dynamic Setup Sending a TCP/IP Network Request Answering a TCP/IP Network Request inetd Network Management Tools Tracking the Performance of a Network with Traceroute Firewalls Routinely Checking Network Latency Summary Exercise Chapter 17: Perl Programming for Unix Automation Perl’s Advantages Useful Perl Commands Variables Operators Basic Functions More Perl Code Examples Troubleshooting Perl Scripts Summary Exercises Chapter 18: Backup Tools Backup Basics Determining What to Back Up Backup Media Types xvi 276 277 279 281 281 283 283 283 284 284 286 290 290 291 293 295 296 297 298 300 300 302 302 303 305 305 306 306 307 313 317 320 320 321 321 322 323 Contents Backup Types When to Run Backups Verify Backups Storing Backups Backup Commands Using tar Compressing with gzip and bzip2 cpio dump, backup, and restore Other Backup Commands Backup Suites Summary Exercise Chapter 19: Installing Software from Source Code Understanding Source Code Open Source Licensing BSD Licenses GNU Public License Finding and Downloading Unix Software Choosing Your Software Downloading Files Verify the Source Code 323 324 325 325 326 326 329 333 335 340 341 341 341 343 343 344 344 345 346 346 346 348 Building and Installing 350 Extracting the Files 351 Beginning the Build 352 Introducing make, Makefiles, and make Targets The Makefile Tools to Help Create Makefiles GNU Compilation Tools diff and patch 359 360 362 363 364 Installation Techniques for Better Maintenance 365 Troubleshooting Build Problems 367 Precompiled Software Packages 367 Summary 369 Exercises 370 Chapter 20: Conversion: Unix for Mac OS Users 371 A Very Brief History of Mac OS X 371 Differences between Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X 372 xvii Contents Folders Are Directories Too Required Folders Home Directory Administration Preference Files Unix and Mac OS X/Mac OS 9 Command and GUI Equivalents Differences between Mac OS X and Other Unix Systems Directory Services and NetInfo Using nidump and niload Backup and Restoration of the NetInfo Database System Startup File Structure Differences Root User Account Summary Exercises Chapter 21: Conversion: Unix for Windows Users Structural Comparison Major Administrative Tools Comparisons Popular Programs Comparison Using Unix within Windows Using Windows within Unix Summary 373 374 376 378 379 379 382 382 384 385 385 386 387 388 388 389 389 394 395 397 409 410 Appendix A: Answers 411 Appendix B: Useful Unix Web Sites 421 Index xviii 425 ...展开收缩
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