Pro WPF in C# 2010 pdf ■Chapter 1: Introducing WPF

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详细说明： ■Chapter 1: Introducing WPF ............................................................................................................... 1 The Evolution of Windows Graphics ................................................................................................ 1 DirectX: The New Graphics Engine ............................................................................................. 2 Hardware Acceleration and WPF ................................................................................................ 3 W PF: A Higher-Level API ................................................................................................................ 4 Windows Forms Lives On ........................................................................................................... 6 DirectX Also Lives On ................................................................................................................. 6 Silverlight .................................................................................................................................. 6 Resolution Independence ............................................................................................................... 7 WPF Units ................................................................................................................................. 8 System DPI ............................................................................................................................... 9 Bitmap and Vector Graphics ..................................................................................................... 12 The Architecture of WPF ............................................................................................................... 12 The Class Hierarchy ................................................................................................................. 14 WPF 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 17 New Features ........................................................................................................................... 17 The WPF Toolkit ....................................................................................................................... 18 Visual Studio 2010 ................................................................................................................... 18 The Last Word .............................................................................................................................. 21 ■Chapter 2: XAML .............................................................................................................................. 23 Understanding XAML .................................................................................................................... 24 Graphical User Interfaces Before WPF ...................................................................................... 24 The Variants of XAML ............................................................................................................... 25 XAML Compilation .................................................................................................................... 26 XAML Basics ............................................................................................................................... 27 XAML Namespaces .................................................................................................................. 28 The Code-Behind Class ............................................................................................................ 30 Properties and Events in XAML ..................................................................................................... 32 Simple Properties and Type Converters .................................................................................... 34 Complex Properties .................................................................................................................. 35 Markup Extensions ................................................................................................................... 37 Attached Properties .................................................................................................................. 38 Nesting Elements ..................................................................................................................... 39 Special Characters and Whitespace ......................................................................................... 42 Events ..................................................................................................................................... 44 The Full Eight Ball Example ...................................................................................................... 45 Using Types from Other Namespaces ........................................................................................... 46 Loading and Compiling XAML ....................................................................................................... 48 Code-Only ............................................................................................................................... 48 Code and Uncompiled XAML .................................................................................................... 51 Code and Compiled XAML ........................................................................................................ 53 XAML Only ............................................................................................................................... 55 XAML 2009 ................................................................................................................................. 56 Automatic Event Hookup .......................................................................................................... 56 References.............................................................................................................................. 58 Built-in Types ........................................................................................................................... 58 Advanced Object Creation ........................................................................................................ 59 The Last Word .............................................................................................................................. 60 ■Chapter 3: Layout ............................................................................................................................. 61 Understanding Layout in WPF ....................................................................................................... 61 The WPF Layout Philosophy ..................................................................................................... 62 The Layout Process .................................................................................................................. 63 The Layout Containers ............................................................................................................. 63 Simple Layout with the StackPanel ............................................................................................... 65 Layout Properties ..................................................................................................................... 67 Alignment ............................................................................................................................... 68 Margin .................................................................................................................................... 69 Minimum, Maximum, and Explicit Sizes ................................................................................... 71 The Border ............................................................................................................................... 74 The WrapPanel and DockPanel ..................................................................................................... 75 The WrapPanel ......................................................................................................................... 76 The DockPanel ......................................................................................................................... 77 Nesting Layout Containers ....................................................................................................... 79 The Grid ...................................................................................................................................... 80 Fine-Tuning Rows and Columns ............................................................................................... 83 Layout Rounding ...................................................................................................................... 85 Spanning Rows and Columns ................................................................................................... 86 Split Windows .......................................................................................................................... 87 Shared Size Groups .................................................................................................................. 91 The UniformGrid ....................................................................................................................... 93 Coordinate-Based Layout with the Canvas ................................................................................... 94 Z-Order ................................................................................................................................... 95 The InkCanvas ......................................................................................................................... 96 Layout Examples .......................................................................................................................... 99 A Column of Settings ................................................................................................................ 99 Dynamic Content ................................................................................................................... 100 A Modular User Interface ........................................................................................................ 102 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 104 ■Chapter 4: Dependency Properties ................................................................................................ 105 Understanding Dependency Properties ....................................................................................... 105 Defining a Dependency Property ............................................................................................ 106 Registering a Dependency Property ........................................................................................ 107 Adding a Property Wrapper .................................................................................................... 109 How WPF Uses Dependency Properties .................................................................................. 110 Shared Dependency Properties .............................................................................................. 111 Attached Dependency Properties ............................................................................................ 112 Property Validation ..................................................................................................................... 114 The Validation Callback .......................................................................................................... 114 The Coercion Callback ........................................................................................................... 115 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 118 ■Chapter 5: Routed Events .............................................................................................................. 119 Understanding Routed Events ..................................................................................................... 119 Defining, Registering, and Wrapping a Routed Event .............................................................. 120 Sharing Routed Events ........................................................................................................... 121 Raising a Routed Event .......................................................................................................... 121 Handling a Routed Event ........................................................................................................ 121 Event Routing ............................................................................................................................. 123 The RoutedEventArgs Class .................................................................................................... 125 Bubbling Events ..................................................................................................................... 126 Handling a Suppressed Event ................................................................................................. 129 Attached Events ..................................................................................................................... 129 Tunneling Events ................................................................................................................... 131 WPF Events ............................................................................................................................... 133 Lifetime Events ...................................................................................................................... 133 Input Events ........................................................................................................................... 136 Keyboard Input ........................................................................................................................... 137 Handling a Key Press ............................................................................................................. 138 Focus .................................................................................................................................... 140 Getting Key State ................................................................................................................... 141 Mouse Input ............................................................................................................................... 143 Mouse Clicks ......................................................................................................................... 144 Capturing the Mouse .............................................................................................................. 146 Drag-and-Drop ...................................................................................................................... 146 Multitouch Input ......................................................................................................................... 149 The Levels of Multitouch Support ........................................................................................... 150 Raw Touch ............................................................................................................................. 150 Manipulation .......................................................................................................................... 153 Inertia ................................................................................................................................... 156 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 157 ■Chapter 6: Controls ........................................................................................................................ 159 The Control Class ....................................................................................................................... 160 Background and Foreground Brushes ..................................................................................... 160 Fonts .................................................................................................................................... 163 Mouse Cursors ....................................................................................................................... 168 Content Controls ........................................................................................................................ 169 The Content Property ............................................................................................................. 171 Aligning Content ..................................................................................................................... 173 The WPF Content Philosophy .................................................................................................. 174 Labels ................................................................................................................................... 175 Buttons ................................................................................................................................. 177 Tooltips ................................................................................................................................. 180 Specialized Containers ............................................................................................................... 188 The ScrollViewer .................................................................................................................... 188 Headered Content Controls ......................................................................................................... 192 The GroupBox ........................................................................................................................ 192 The TabItem ........................................................................................................................... 193 The Expander ......................................................................................................................... 195 Text Controls .............................................................................................................................. 197 Multiple Lines of Text ............................................................................................................. 198 Text Selection ........................................................................................................................ 199 Spell Checking ....................................................................................................................... 200 The PasswordBox .................................................................................................................. 202 List Controls ............................................................................................................................... 202 The ListBox ............................................................................................................................ 203 The ComboBox ....................................................................................................................... 206 Range-Based Controls ................................................................................................................ 207 The Slider .............................................................................................................................. 208 The ProgressBar .................................................................................................................... 209 Date Controls ............................................................................................................................. 210 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 213 ■Chapter 7: The Application ............................................................................................................. 215 The Application Life Cycle .......................................................................................................... 215 Creating an Application Object ............................................................................................... 216 Deriving a Custom Application Class ...................................................................................... 217 Application Shutdown ............................................................................................................ 218 Application Events .................................................................................................................. 220 Application Tasks ....................................................................................................................... 222 Showing a Splash Screen ....................................................................................................... 222 Handling Command-Line Arguments ...................................................................................... 223 Accessing the Current Application .......................................................................................... 224 Interacting Between Windows ................................................................................................ 225 Single-Instance Applications .................................................................................................. 227 Assembly Resources .................................................................................................................. 234 Adding Resources .................................................................................................................. 234 Retrieving Resources ............................................................................................................. 236 Pack URIs .............................................................................................................................. 237 Content Files .......................................................................................................................... 239 Localization ............................................................................................................................... 239 Building Localizable User Interfaces ....................................................................................... 240 Preparing an Application for Localization ................................................................................ 241 The Translation Process ......................................................................................................... 242 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 248 ■Chapter 8: Element Binding ........................................................................................................... 249 Binding Elements Together ........................................................................................................ 249 The Binding Expression .......................................................................................................... 250 Binding Errors ........................................................................................................................ 251 Binding Modes ....................................................................................................................... 251 Creating Bindings with Code .................................................................................................. 254 Multiple Bindings ................................................................................................................... 255 Binding Updates ..................................................................................................................... 259 Binding to Objects That Aren’t Elements ..................................................................................... 260 Source .................................................................................................................................. 261 RelativeSource ....................................................................................................................... 261 DataContext ........................................................................................................................... 263 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 264 ■Chapter 9: Commands ................................................................................................................... 265 Understanding Commands ......................................................................................................... 265 The WPF Command Model ......................................................................................................... 267 The ICommand Interface ........................................................................................................ 267 The RoutedCommand Class ................................................................................................... 268 The RoutedUICommand Class ................................................................................................ 269 The Command Library ............................................................................................................ 269 Executing Commands ................................................................................................................ 271 Command Sources ................................................................................................................. 271 Command Bindings ................................................................................................................ 272 Using Multiple Command Sources .......................................................................................... 275 Fine-Tuning Command Text ................................................................................................... 276 Invoking a Command Directly ................................................................................................. 276 Disabling Commands ............................................................................................................. 277 Controls with Built-in Commands ........................................................................................... 280 Advanced Commands ................................................................................................................ 282 Custom Commands ................................................................................................................ 282 Using the Same Command in Different Places ........................................................................ 284 Using a Command Parameter ................................................................................................. 286 Tracking and Reversing Commands ....................................................................................... 286 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 291 ■Chapter 10: Resources ................................................................................................................... 293 Resource Basics ........................................................................................................................ 293 The Resources Collection ....................................................................................................... 294 The Hierarchy of Resources ................................................................................................... 295 Static and Dynamic Resources ............................................................................................... 297 Nonshared Resources ............................................................................................................ 299 Accessing Resources in Code ................................................................................................. 299 Application Resources ............................................................................................................ 300 System Resources ................................................................................................................. 301 Resource Dictionaries ................................................................................................................ 302 Creating a Resource Dictionary .............................................................................................. 302 Using a Resource Dictionary ................................................................................................... 303 Sharing Resources Between Assemblies ................................................................................ 304 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 307 ■Chapter 11: Styles and Behaviors .................................................................................................. 309 Style Basics ............................................................................................................................... 309 Creating a Style Object ........................................................................................................... 313 Setting Properties .................................................................................................................. 314 Attaching Event Handlers ....................................................................................................... 316 The Many Layers of Styles ..................................................................................................... 317 Automatically Applying Styles by Type .................................................................................... 319 Triggers .................................................................................................................................... 320 A Simple Trigger .................................................................................................................... 321 An Event Trigger .................................................................................................................... 323 Behaviors .................................................................................................................................. 325 Getting Support for Behaviors................................................................................................. 325 Understanding the Behavior Model ......................................................................................... 326 Creating a Behavior ................................................................................................................ 327 Using a Behavior .................................................................................................................... 329 Design-Time Behavior Support in Blend ................................................................................. 330 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 331 ■Chapter 12: Shapes, Brushes, and Transforms ................................................................................ 333 Understanding Shapes ............................................................................................................... 333 The Shape Classes ................................................................................................................. 334 Rectangle and Ellipse ............................................................................................................. 337 Sizing and Placing Shapes ..................................................................................................... 338 Scaling Shapes with a Viewbox .............................................................................................. 341 Line ...................................................................................................................................... 343 Polyline ................................................................................................................................. 344 Polygon ................................................................................................................................. 345 Line Caps and Line Joins ....................................................................................................... 348 Dashes ................................................................................................................................. 349 Pixel Snapping ....................................................................................................................... 351 Brushes .................................................................................................................................... 352 The SolidColorBrush ............................................................................................................... 353 The LinearGradientBrush ........................................................................................................ 354 The RadialGradientBrush ........................................................................................................ 356 The ImageBrush ..................................................................................................................... 358 A Tiled ImageBrush ................................................................................................................ 360 The VisualBrush ..................................................................................................................... 363 The BitmapCacheBrush .......................................................................................................... 364 Transforms ............................................................................................................................... 365 Transforming Shapes ............................................................................................................. 367 Transforming Elements .......................................................................................................... 369 Transparency ............................................................................................................................. 370 Making an Element Partially Transparent ............................................................................... 370 Opacity Masks ....................................................................................................................... 372 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 374 ■Chapter 13: Geometries and Drawings .......................................................................................... 375 Paths and Geometries ................................................................................................................ 375 Line, Rectangle, and Ellipse Geometries ................................................................................. 376 Combining Shapes with GeometryGroup ................................................................................ 377 Fusing Geometries with CombinedGeometry .......................................................................... 379 Curves and Lines with PathGeometry ..................................................................................... 383 The Geometry Mini-Language ................................................................................................ 388 Clipping with Geometry .......................................................................................................... 391 Drawings .................................................................................................................................. 392 Displaying a Drawing ............................................................................................................. 394 Exporting Clip Art ................................................................................................................... 396 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 398 ■Chapter 14: Effects and Visuals ..................................................................................................... 399 Visuals ...................................................................................................................................... 399 Drawing Visuals ..................................................................................................................... 400 Wrapping Visuals in an Element ............................................................................................. 402 Hit Testing ............................................................................................................................. 405 Complex Hit Testing ............................................................................................................... 408 Effects ...................................................................................................................................... 411 BlurEffect ............................................................................................................................... 412 DropShadowEffect ................................................................................................................. 413 ShaderEffect .......................................................................................................................... 414 The WriteableBitmap Class ......................................................................................................... 416 Generating a Bitmap .............................................................................................................. 416 Writing to a WriteableBitmap .................................................................................................. 417 More Efficient Pixel Writing .................................................................................................... 419 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 422 ■Chapter 15: Animation Basics ........................................................................................................ 423 Understanding WPF Animation ................................................................................................... 423 Timer-Based Animation .......................................................................................................... 424 Property-Based Animation ...................................................................................................... 425 Basic Animation ......................................................................................................................... 426 The Animation Classes ........................................................................................................... 426 Animations in Code ................................................................................................................ 429 Simultaneous Animations ....................................................................................................... 434 Animation Lifetime ................................................................................................................. 434 The Timeline Class ................................................................................................................. 436 Storyboards ............................................................................................................................... 439 The Storyboard ...................................................................................................................... 440 Event Triggers ........................................................................................................................ 440 Overlapping Animations ......................................................................................................... 443 Synchronized Animations ....................................................................................................... 444 Controlling Playback .............................................................................................................. 445 Monitoring Progress ............................................................................................................... 450 Animation Easing ....................................................................................................................... 452 Using an Easing Function ....................................................................................................... 452 Easing In and Easing Out ........................................................................................................ 453 Easing Function Classes ......................................................................................................... 455 Creating a Custom Easing Function ........................................................................................ 458 Animation Performance .............................................................................................................. 460 Desired Frame Rate ............................................................................................................... 460 Bitmap Caching ..................................................................................................................... 463 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 465 ■Chapter 16: Advanced Animation ................................................................................................... 467 Animation Types Revisited ......................................................................................................... 467 Animating Transforms ............................................................................................................ 468 Animating Brushes ................................................................................................................. 472 Animating Pixel Shaders ........................................................................................................ 475 Key Frame Animation ................................................................................................................. 477 Discrete Key Frame Animations .............................................................................................. 478 Easing Key Frames ................................................................................................................ 479 Spline Key Frame Animations ................................................................................................. 480 Path-Based Animation ................................................................................................................ 481 Frame-Based Animation ............................................................................................................. 483 Storyboards in Code ................................................................................................................... 487 The Main Window .................................................................................................................. 488 The Bomb User Control .......................................................................................................... 490 Dropping the Bombs .............................................................................................................. 491 Intercepting a Bomb ............................................................................................................... 494 Counting Bombs and Cleaning Up .......................................................................................... 496 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 498 ■Chapter 17: Control Templates ...................................................................................................... 499 Understanding Logical Trees and Visual Trees ............................................................................ 500 Understanding Templates ........................................................................................................... 506 The Chrome Classes .............................................................................................................. 509 Dissecting Controls ................................................................................................................ 510 Creating Control Templates ........................................................................................................ 513 A Simple Button ..................................................................................................................... 514 Template Bindings ................................................................................................................. 515 Triggers That Change Properties ............................................................................................ 517 Triggers That Use Animation .................................................................................................. 520 Organizing Template Resources ................................................................................................. 521 Refactoring the Button Control Template ................................................................................ 522 Applying Templates with Styles .............................................................................................. 524 Applying Templates Automatically .......................................................................................... 527 User-Selected Skins ............................................................................................................... 528 Building More Complex Templates ............................................................................................. 530 Nested Templates .................................................................................................................. 531 Modifying the Scroll Bar ......................................................................................................... 533 The Control Template Examples ............................................................................................. 538 Visual States .............................................................................................................................. 540 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 541 ■Chapter 18: Custom Elements ....................................................................................................... 543 Understanding Custom Elements in WPF .................................................................................... 544 Building a Basic User Control ..................................................................................................... 547 Defining Dependency Properties ............................................................................................ 548 Defining Routed Events .......................................................................................................... 551 Adding Markup ...................................................................................................................... 552 Using the Control ................................................................................................................... 554 Command Support ................................................................................................................. 555 A Closer Look at User Controls ............................................................................................... 558 Creating a Lookless Control ........................................................................................................ 559 Refactoring the Color Picker Code .......................................................................................... 560 Refactoring the Color Picker Markup ...................................................................................... 560 Streamlining the Control Template ......................................................................................... 563 Theme-Specific Styles and the Default Style .......................................................................... 566 Supporting Visual States ............................................................................................................ 568 Starting the FlipPanel Class .................................................................................................... 569 Choosing Parts and States ..................................................................................................... 572 The Default Control Template ................................................................................................. 573 Using the FlipPanel ................................................................................................................ 580 Using a Different Control Template ......................................................................................... 581 Custom Panels ........................................................................................................................... 582 The Two-Step Layout Process ................................................................................................ 583 The Canvas Clone .................................................................................................................. 586 A Better Wrapping Panel ........................................................................................................ 587 Custom-Drawn Elements ........................................................................................................... 590 The OnRender() Method ......................................................................................................... 591 Evaluating Custom Drawing ................................................................................................... 592 A Custom-Drawn Element ...................................................................................................... 593 A Custom Decorator ............................................................................................................... 595 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 597 ■Chapter 19: Data Binding ............................................................................................................... 599 Binding to a Database with Custom Objects ............................................................................... 599 Building a Data Access Component ........................................................................................ 600 Building a Data Object ............................................................................................................ 603 Displaying the Bound Object .................................................................................................. 604 Updating the Database ........................................................................................................... 606 Change Notification ................................................................................................................ 607 Binding to a Collection of Objects ............................................................................................... 609 Displaying and Editing Collection Items .................................................................................. 610 Inserting and Removing Collection Items ................................................................................ 614 Binding to the ADO.NET Objects ............................................................................................. 615 Binding to a LINQ Expression ................................................................................................. 616 Improving Performance in Large Lists ........................................................................................ 619 Virtualization .......................................................................................................................... 619 Item Container Recycling ....................................................................................................... 621 Deferred Scrolling .................................................................................................................. 621 Validation .................................................................................................................................. 621 Validation in the Data Object .................................................................................................. 622 Custom Validation Rules ......................................................................................................... 626 Reacting to Validation Errors .................................................................................................. 628 Getting a List of Errors ........................................................................................................... 629 Showing a Different Error Indicator ......................................................................................... 630 Validating Multiple Values ...................................................................................................... 633 Data Providers ........................................................................................................................... 636 The ObjectDataProvider .......................................................................................................... 637 The XmlDataProvider ............................................................................................................. 640 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 642 ■Chapter 20: Formatting Bound Data .............................................................................................. 643 Data Binding Redux .................................................................................................................... 643 Data Conversion ......................................................................................................................... 645 The StringFormat Property ..................................................................................................... 645 Introducing Value Converters.................................................................................................. 647 Formatting Strings with a Value Converter .............................................................................. 648 Creating Objects with a Value Converter ................................................................................. 650 Applying Conditional Formatting ............................................................................................. 653 Evaluating Multiple Properties ................................................................................................ 654 List Controls ............................................................................................................................... 656 List Styles ................................................................................................................................. 658 The ItemContainerStyle .......................................................................................................... 659 A ListBox with Check Boxes or Radio Buttons ......................................................................... 660 Alternating Item Style ............................................................................................................. 663 Style Selectors ....................................................................................................................... 665 Data Templates .......................................................................................................................... 668 Separating and Reusing Templates ........................................................................................ 671 More Advanced Templates ..................................................................................................... 672 Varying Templates ................................................................................................................. 675 Template Selectors ................................................................................................................ 676 Templates and Selection ........................................................................................................ 679 Changing Item Layout ............................................................................................................ 684 The ComboBox ........................................................................................................................... 686 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 689 ■Chapter 21: Data Views .................................................................................................................. 691 The View Object ......................................................................................................................... 691 Retrieving a View Object ........................................................................................................ 692 Navigating with a View ........................................................................................................... 692 Creating a View Declaratively ................................................................................................. 695 Filtering, Sorting, and Grouping .................................................................................................. 697 Filtering Collections ................................................................................................................ 697 Filtering the DataTable ........................................................................................................... 701 Sorting .................................................................................................................................. 702 Grouping ............................................................................................................................... 703 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 707 ■Chapter 22: Lists, Grids, and Trees ................................................................................................ 709 The ListView .............................................................................................................................. 710 Creating Columns with the GridView ...................................................................................... 711 Creating a Custom View ......................................................................................................... 715 The TreeView ............................................................................................................................. 724 A Data-Bound TreeView ......................................................................................................... 724 Binding a DataSet to a TreeView ............................................................................................ 728 Just-in-Time Node Creation ................................................................................................... 729 The DataGrid .............................................................................................................................. 732 Resizing and Rearranging Columns ........................................................................................ 734 Defining Columns ................................................................................................................... 735 Formatting and Styling Columns ............................................................................................. 740 Formatting Rows .................................................................................................................... 742 Row Details ............................................................................................................................ 744 Freezing Columns .................................................................................................................. 745 Selection ............................................................................................................................... 745 Sorting .................................................................................................................................. 746 DataGrid Editing ..................................................................................................................... 746 The Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 749 ■Chapter 23: Windows ..................................................................................................................... 751 The Window Class ...................................................................................................................... 751 Showing a Window ................................................................................................................ 754 Positioning a Window ............................................................................................................. 755 Saving and Restoring Window Location .................................................................................. 756 Window Interaction .................................................................................................................... 758 Window Ownership ................................................................................................................ 760 The Dialog Model ................................................................................................................... 761 Common Dialog Boxes ........................................................................................................... 762 Nonrectangular Windows ........................................................................................................... 763 A Simple Shaped Window ...................................................................................................... 763 A Transparent Window with Shaped Content .......................................................................... 766 Moving Shaped Windows ....................................................................................................... 768 Resizing Shaped Windows ..................................................................................................... 769 Putting It All Together: A Custom Control Template for Windows ............................................ 770 The Aero Glass Effect ................................................................................................................. 7

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