Oracle 9i&10g编程艺术：深入数据库体系结构.pdf 目录序......

文件名称: Oracle 9i&10g编程艺术：深入数据库体系结构.pdf

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详细说明：目录序....................................................................................................................................17 前言................................................................................................................................20 本书内容.....................................................................................................................20 读者对象.....................................................................................................................21 本书组织结构........ ......................................................................................................22 源代码和有关更新......................................................................................................26 勘误表.........................................................................................................................26 配置环境.........................................................................................................................27 建立SCOTT/TIGER模式.............................................................................................27 环境.............................................................................................................................29 设置SQL*Plus的AUTOTRACE..................................................................................31 配置Statspack............................................................................................................32 定制脚本.....................................................................................................................33 SHOW_SPACE...........................................................................................................43 BIG_TABLE.................................................................................................................50 代码约定.....................................................................................................................52 第1章开发成功的Oracle应用程序.............................................................................54 1.1我的方法...............................................................................................................55 3 / 860 1.2黑盒方法...............................................................................................................56 1.3开发数据库应用的正确（和不正确）方法...........................................................60 1.3.1了解Oracle体系结构.....................................................................................60 1.3.2理解并发控制.................................................................................................66 1.3.3多版本............................................................................................................70 1.3.4数据库独立性?...............................................................................................77 1.3.5 “怎么能让应用运行得更快?”....................................................................93 1.3.6 DBA与开发人员的关系.................................................................................97 1.4小结......................................................................................................................98 第2章体系结构概述....................................................................................................100 2.1定义数据库和实例..............................................................................................100 2.2 SGA和后台进程.................................................................................................107 2.3连接Oracle.........................................................................................................110 2.3.1专用服务器..................................................................................................110 2.3.2共享服务器..................................................................................................112 2.3.3 TCP/IP连接的基本原理...............................................................................113 2.4小结....................................................................................................................115 第3章文件.................................................................................................................117 3.1参数文件.............................................................................................................118 4 / 860 3.1.1什么是参数？...............................................................................................118 3.1.2遗留的init.ora参数文件..............................................................................120 3.1.3服务器参数文件...........................................................................................122 3.1.4参数文件小结...............................................................................................130 3.2跟踪文件.............................................................................................................130 3.2.1请求的跟踪文件...........................................................................................131 3.2.2针对内部错误生成的跟踪文件....................................................................136 3.2.3跟踪文件小结...............................................................................................139 3.3警告文件.............................................................................................................139 3.4数据文件.............................................................................................................143 3.4.1简要回顾文件系统机制................................................................................143 3.4.2 Oracle数据库中的存储层次体系................................................................144 3.4.3字典管理和本地管理的表空间....................................................................147 3.5临时文件.............................................................................................................149 3.6控制文件.............................................................................................................152 3.7重做日志文件.....................................................................................................152 3.7.1在线重做日志...............................................................................................153 3.7.2归档重做日志...............................................................................................155 3.8密码文件.............................................................................................................156 5 / 860 3.9修改跟踪文件.....................................................................................................160 3.10闪回日志文件...................................................................................................161 3.10.1闪回数据库................................................................................................161 3.10.2闪回恢复区................................................................................................162 3.11 DMP文件（EXP/IMP文件）...........................................................................162 3.12数据泵文件.......................................................................................................164 3.13平面文件...........................................................................................................168 3.14小结..................................................................................................................168 第4章内存结构..........................................................................................................169 4.1进程全局区和用户全局区...................................................................................169 4.1.1手动PGA内存管理.......................................................................................170 4.1.2自动PGA内存管理.......................................................................................178 4.1.3手动和自动内存管理的选择........................................................................190 4.1.4 PGA和UGA小结..........................................................................................191 4.2系统全局区.........................................................................................................191 4.2.1固定SGA......................................................................................................197 4.2.2重做缓冲区..................................................................................................197 4.2.3块缓冲区缓存...............................................................................................199 4.2.4共享池..........................................................................................................206 6 / 860 4.2.5大池..............................................................................................................209 4.2.6 Java池..........................................................................................................210 4.2.7流池..............................................................................................................210 4.2.8自动SGA内存管理.......................................................................................211 4.3小结....................................................................................................................211 第5章 Oracle进程.....................................................................................................213 5.1服务器进程.........................................................................................................213 5.1.1专用服务器连接...........................................................................................214 5.1.2共享服务器连接...........................................................................................215 5.1.3连接与会话..................................................................................................216 5.1.4专用服务器与共享服务器............................................................................223 5.1.5专用/共享服务器小结..................................................................................226 5.2后台进程.............................................................................................................226 5.2.1中心后台进程...............................................................................................228 5.2.2工具后台进程...............................................................................................234 5.3从属进程.............................................................................................................236 5.3.1 I/O从属进程................................................................................................236 5.3.2并行查询从属进程.......................................................................................237 5.4小结....................................................................................................................237 7 / 860 第6章锁.....................................................................................................................238 6.1什么是锁？.........................................................................................................238 6.2锁定问题.............................................................................................................240 6.2.1丢失更新......................................................................................................240 6.2.2悲观锁定......................................................................................................241 6.2.3乐观锁定......................................................................................................243 6.2.4乐观锁定还是悲观锁定？............................................................................256 6.2.5阻塞..............................................................................................................257 6.2.6死锁..............................................................................................................260 6.2.7锁升级..........................................................................................................266 6.3锁类型.................................................................................................................266 6.3.1 DML锁.........................................................................................................267 6.3.2 DDL锁..........................................................................................................276 6.3.3闩.................................................................................................................280 6.3.4手动锁定和用户定义锁................................................................................290 6.4小结....................................................................................................................291 第7章并发与多版本..................................................................................................292 7.1什么是并发控制？..............................................................................................292 7.2事务隔离级别.....................................................................................................293 8 / 860 7.2.1 READ UNCOMMITTED.............................................................................294 7.2.2 READ COMMITTED...................................................................................296 7.2.3 REPEATABLE READ...................................................................................297 7.2.4 SEAIALIZABLE............................................................................................299 7.2.5 READ ONLY................................................................................................302 7.3多版本读一致性的含义.......................................................................................302 7.3.1一种会失败的常用数据仓库技术.................................................................303 7.3.2解释热表上超出期望的I/O..........................................................................304 7.4写一致性.............................................................................................................307 7.4.1一致读和当前读...........................................................................................307 7.4.2查看重启动..................................................................................................311 7.4.3为什么重启动对我们很重要？....................................................................314 7.5小结....................................................................................................................315 第8章事务.................................................................................................................317 8.1事务控制语句.....................................................................................................317 8.2原子性.................................................................................................................318 8.2.1语句级原子性...............................................................................................318 8.2.2过程级原子性...............................................................................................321 8.2.3事务级原子性...............................................................................................325 9 / 860 8.3完整性约束和事务..............................................................................................325 8.3.1 IMMEDIATE约束........................................................................................325 8.3.2 DEFERRABLE约束和级联更新....................................................................326 8.4不好的事务习惯..................................................................................................329 8.4.1在循环中提交...............................................................................................329 8.4.2使用自动提交...............................................................................................337 8.5分布式事务.........................................................................................................338 8.6自治事务.............................................................................................................340 8.6.1自治事务如果工作？...................................................................................340 8.6.2何时使用自治事务？...................................................................................343 8.7小结....................................................................................................................348 第9章 redo与undo...................................................................................................349 9.1什么是redo？.....................................................................................................349 9.2什么是undo？....................................................................................................350 9.2.1 redo和undo如何协作？.............................................................................353 9.3提交和回滚处理..................................................................................................357 9.3.1 COMMIT做什么？......................................................................................357 9.3.2 ROLLBACK做什么？...................................................................................365 9.4分析redo............................................................................................................366 10 / 860 9.4.1测量redo.....................................................................................................367 9.4.2 redo生成和BEFORE/AFTER触发器............................................................369 9.4.3我能关掉重做日志生成吗？........................................................................378 9.4.4为什么不能分配一个新日志？....................................................................383 9.4.5块清除..........................................................................................................384 9.4.6日志竞争......................................................................................................388 9.4.7临时表和redo/undo...................................................................................390 9.5分析undo...........................................................................................................394 9.5.1什么操作会生成最多和最少的undo？.......................................................394 9.5.2 ORA-01555:snapshot too old错误..........................................................397 9.6小结....................................................................................................................409 第10章数据库表.......................................................................................................411 10.1表类型...............................................................................................................411 10.2术语..................................................................................................................412 10.2.1段...............................................................................................................413 10.2.2段空间管理................................................................................................414 10.2.3高水位线....................................................................................................415 10.2.4 freelists.....................................................................................................417 10.2.5 PCTFREE和PCTUSED...............................................................................421 11 / 860 10.2.6 LOGGING和NOLOGGING......................................................................423 10.2.7 INITRANS和MAXTRANS........................................................................424 10.3堆组织表...........................................................................................................424 10.4索引组织表.......................................................................................................427 10.5索引聚簇表.......................................................................................................445 10.6散列聚簇表.......................................................................................................455 10.7有序散列聚簇表................................................................................................465 10.8嵌套表...............................................................................................................469 10.8.1嵌套表语法................................................................................................469 10.8.2嵌套表存储................................................................................................478 10.8.3嵌套表小结................................................................................................482 10.9临时表...............................................................................................................483 10.10对象表............................................................................................................491 10.11小结................................................................................................................500 第11章索引...............................................................................................................502 11.1 Oracle索引概述...............................................................................................502 11.2 B*树索引..........................................................................................................503 11.2.1索引键压缩................................................................................................506 11.2.2反向键索引................................................................................................509 12 / 860 11.2.3降序索引....................................................................................................517 11.2.4什么情况下应该使用B*树索引？..............................................................519 11.2.5 B*树小结...................................................................................................532 11.3位图索引...........................................................................................................532 11.3.1什么情况下应该使用位图索引？..............................................................533 11.3.2位图联结索引............................................................................................538 11.3.3位图索引小结............................................................................................541 11.4基于函数的索引................................................................................................542 11.4.1重要的实现细节.........................................................................................542 11.4.2一个简单的基于函数的索引例子..............................................................543 11.4.3只对部分行建立索引.................................................................................554 11.4.4实现有选择的惟一性.................................................................................556 11.4.5关于CASE的警告.......................................................................................557 11.4.6关于ORA-01743的警告...........................................................................559 11.4.7基于函数的索引小结.................................................................................560 11.5应用域索引.......................................................................................................560 11.6关于索引的常见问题和神话.............................................................................562 11.6.1视图能使用索引吗？.................................................................................562 11.6.2 Null和索引能协作吗？..............................................................................562 13 / 860 11.6.3外键是否应该加索引？.............................................................................566 11.6.4为什么没有使用我的索引？......................................................................567 11.6.5神话：索引中从不重用空间......................................................................576 11.6.6神话：最有差别的元素应该在最前面.......................................................581 11.7小结..................................................................................................................585 第12章数据类型.......................................................................................................587 12.1 Oracle数据类型概述........................................................................................587 12.2字符和二进制串类型........................................................................................589 12.2.1 NLS概述....................................................................................................589 12.2.2字符串........................................................................................................593 12.3二进制串：RAW类型.......................................................................................601 12.4数值类型...........................................................................................................604 12.4.1 NUMBER类型的语法和用法....................................................................607 12.4.2 BINARY_FLOAT/BINARY_DOUBLE类型的语法和用法..........................612 12.4.3非固有数据类型.........................................................................................612 12.4.4性能考虑....................................................................................................613 12.5 LONG类型.......................................................................................................615 12.5.1LONG和LONG RAW类型的限制..............................................................615 12.5.2处理遗留的LONG类型..............................................................................616 14 / 860 12.6 DATE、TIMESTAMP和INTERVAL类型.........................................................625 12.6.1格式...........................................................................................................625 12.6.2 DATE类型..................................................................................................626 12.6.3 TIMESTAMP类型......................................................................................637 12.6.4 INTERVAL类型.........................................................................................647 12.7 LOB类型...........................................................................................................651 12.7.1内部LOB....................................................................................................652 12.7.2 BFILE.........................................................................................................667 12.8 ROWID/UROWID类型...................................................................................669 12.9小结..................................................................................................................670 第13章分区...............................................................................................................671 13.1分区概述...........................................................................................................671 13.1.1提高可用性................................................................................................672 13.1.2减少管理负担............................................................................................675 13.1.3改善语句性能............................................................................................680 13.2表分区机制.......................................................................................................682 13.2.1区间分区....................................................................................................682 13.2.2散列分区....................................................................................................686 13.2.3列表分区....................................................................................................693 15 / 860 13.2.4组合分区....................................................................................................695 13.2.5行移动........................................................................................................698 13.2.6表分区机制小结.........................................................................................701 13.3索引分区...........................................................................................................702 13.3.1局部索引....................................................................................................703 13.3.2全局索引....................................................................................................712 13.4再论分区和性能................................................................................................734 13.5审计和段空间压缩............................................................................................742 13.6小结..................................................................................................................743 第14章并行执行.......................................................................................................745 14.1何时使用并行执行............................................................................................745 14.2并行查询...........................................................................................................747 14.3并行DML..........................................................................................................754 14.4并行DDL...........................................................................................................758 14.4.1并行DDL和使用外部表的数据加载...........................................................758 14.4.2并行DDL和区段截断.................................................................................761 14.5并行恢复...........................................................................................................774 14.6过程并行化.......................................................................................................774 14.6.1并行管道函数............................................................................................775 16 / 860 14.6.2 DIY并行化.................................................................................................779 14.7小结..................................................................................................................787 第15章数据加载和卸载............................................................................................788 15.1 SQL*Loader....................................................................................................788 15.1.1用SQLLDR加载数据的FAQ......................................................................794 15.1.2 SQLLDR警告.............................................................................................828 15.1.3 SQLLDR小结.............................................................................................829 15.2外部表...............................................................................................................829 15.2.1建立外部表................................................................................................830 15.2.2处理错........................................................................................................837 15.2.3使用外部表加载不同的文件......................................................................842 15.2.4多用户问题................................................................................................842 15.2.5外部表小结................................................................................................843 15.3平面文件卸载...................................................................................................843 15.4数据泵卸载.......................................................................................................858 15.5小结..................................................................................................................860 ...展开收缩

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