The Swift Programming Language中文完整精校版 The Swift Pr

文件名称: The Swift Programming Language中文完整精校版

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详细说明： The Swift Programming Language中文完整版网上的The Swift Programming Language都是英文版的。这一份是中文完整版。非常清晰的精校本。目录 1. 欢迎使⽤Swift ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 8 1.1.关于 Swift ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8 1.2. Swift 初见................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 9 简单值 ................................ ........... ..................... ................................ ............... 9 控制流 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 11 函数和闭包 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 14 对象和类................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 16 枚举和结构体................................ ................................ ................................ ... 20 接口和扩展 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 23 泛型................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 25 2. Swift 教程 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 26 2.1 基础部分 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 26 常量和变量 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 27 注释................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 30 分号................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 31 整数................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 31 浮点数 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 32 类型安全和类型推测 ................................ ................................ ........................ 32 数值型字面量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 33 数值型类型转换 ................................ ................................ ............................... 35 类型别名 ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 36 布尔值 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 37 元组................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 38 可选................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 40 断言................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 44 2.2. 基本运算符................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 45 术语................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 46 赋值运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 47 数值运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 47 复合赋值................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 51 比较运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 51 三目条件运算................................ ................................ ................................ ... 52 区间运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 53 逻辑运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 54 2.3. 字符串和字符................................ ................................ ................................ ... 57 字符串字面量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 58 The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 3 初始化空字符串 ................................ ................................ ............................... 59 字符串可变性................................ ................................ ................................ ... 59 字符串是值类型 ................................ ................................ ............................... 60 使用字符(Characters) ................................ ................................ ...................... 60 计算字符数量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 61 连接字符串和字符................................ ................................ ............................ 61 字符串插值 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 62 比较字符串 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 63 大写和小写字符串 ................................ ................................ ............................ 65 Unicode ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 65 2.4. 集合类型................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 68 数组................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 68 字典................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 74 集合的可变性................................ ................................ ................................ ... 79 2.5. 控制流................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 79 For 循环................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 80 While 循环 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 84 条件语句................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 88 控制转移语句................................ ................................ ................................ ... 97 2.6. 函数................................ ................................ ................................ ................103 定义和调用函数 ................................ ................................ .............................. 104 函数的形参和返回值 ................................ ................................ ....................... 105 函数形参名 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....108 函数类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........115 嵌套函数................................ ................................ ................................ .........119 2.7. 闭包................................ ................................ ................................ ................119 闭包表达式 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....120 Trailing 闭包................................ ................................ ................................ ...124 捕获 (Caputure) ................................ ................................ ............................. 127 闭包是引用类型 ................................ ................................ .............................. 129 2.8. 枚举................................ ................................ ................................ ................130 枚举语法（ Enumeration Syntax） ................................ ................................ ..130 匹配枚举值和 Switch 语句................................ ................................ ...............132 关联值（ Associated Values） ................................ ................................ .........133 原始值（ Raw Values） ................................ ................................ ................... 135 2.9. 类和结构体................................ ................................ ................................ .....137 类和结构体对比 ................................ ................................ .............................. 138 结构体和枚举是值类型................................ ................................ .................... 141 类是引用类型................................ ................................ ................................ ..143 类和结构体的选择................................ ................................ ........................... 145 The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 4 集合(Collection)类型的赋值和拷贝行为................................ ........................... 146 2.10. 属性................................ ................................ ................................ ..............151 存储属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........152 计算属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........155 属性监视器 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....158 全局变量和局部变量 ................................ ................................ ....................... 160 类型属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........160 2.11. ⽅法................................ ................................ ................................ ..............165 实例方法(Instance Methods)................................ ................................ ...........165 类型方法(Type Methods) ................................ ................................ ................171 2.12. 附属脚本................................ ................................ ................................ .......174 附属脚本语法................................ ................................ ................................ ..174 附属脚本用法................................ ................................ ................................ ..176 附属脚本选项................................ ................................ ................................ ..176 2.13. 继承................................ ................................ ................................ ..............178 定义一个基类（Base class） ................................ ................................ ..........179 子类生成（ Subclassing） ................................ ................................ ...............180 重写（ Overriding） ................................ ................................ ........................ 182 防止重写................................ ................................ ................................ .........186 2.14. 构造过程................................ ................................ ................................ .......187 存储型属性的初始赋值................................ ................................ .................... 187 定制化构造过程 ................................ ................................ .............................. 189 默认构造器 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....192 值类型的构造器代理 ................................ ................................ ....................... 193 类的继承和构造过程 ................................ ................................ ....................... 196 通过闭包和函数来设置属性的默认值................................ ............................... 207 2.15. 反初始化................................ ................................ ................................ .......209 反初始化................................ ................................ ................................ .........209 反初始化原理................................ ................................ ................................ ..209 2.16. 自动引用计数................................ ................................ ................................ 212 ARC 如何工作 ................................ ................................ ................................ 213 ARC 实践 ................................ ................................ ................................ .......214 类实例间的强引用环 ................................ ................................ ....................... 215 解决实例间的强引用环................................ ................................ .................... 218 解决闭包产生的强引用环 ................................ ................................ ................228 2.17. 自判断链接 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...230 自判断链接可替代强制拆包................................ ................................ .............231 为自判断链接定义模型类 ................................ ................................ ................233 通过自判断链接调用属性 ................................ ................................ ................235 The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 5 通过自判断链接调用方法 ................................ ................................ ................235 使用自判断链接调用子脚本................................ ................................ .............236 连接多层链接................................ ................................ ................................ ..237 链接自判断返回值的方法 ................................ ................................ ................238 2.18. 类型转换................................ ................................ ................................ .......239 定义一个类层次作为例子 ................................ ................................ ................239 检查类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........241 向下转型（简称下转） ................................ ................................ .................... 242 Any 和 AnyObject 的转换................................ ................................ ................243 2.19 类型嵌套................................ ................................ ................................ ........246 类型嵌套实例................................ ................................ ................................ ..246 类型嵌套的引用 ................................ ................................ .............................. 248 2.20 扩展................................ ................................ ................................ ...............249 扩展语法（ Extension Syntax） ................................ ................................ ..........249 计算型属性（ Computed Properties） ................................ ............................. 250 构造器（ Initializers） ................................ ................................ ...................... 251 方法（ Methods） ................................ ................................ ........................... 252 下标（ Subscripts） ................................ ................................ ........................ 254 嵌套类型（ Nested Types） ................................ ................................ ............255 2.21 协议................................ ................................ ................................ ...............256 协议的语法 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....256 属性要求................................ ................................ ................................ .........257 方法要求................................ ................................ ................................ .........258 突变方法要求................................ ................................ ................................ ..259 协议类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........261 委托(代理)模式 ................................ ................................ ............................... 262 在扩展中添加协议成员 ................................ ................................ .................... 265 通过延展补充协议声明................................ ................................ .................... 266 集合中的协议类型................................ ................................ ........................... 267 协议的继承 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....267 协议合成................................ ................................ ................................ .........269 检验协议的一致性................................ ................................ ........................... 270 可选协议要求................................ ................................ ................................ ..271 2.22 泛型................................ ................................ ................................ ...............274 泛型所解决的问题................................ ................................ ........................... 274 泛型函数................................ ................................ ................................ .........276 类型参数................................ ................................ ................................ .........277 命名类型参数................................ ................................ ................................ ..277 泛型类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........278 类型约束................................ ................................ ................................ .........281 The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 6 关联类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........284 Where 语句 ................................ ................................ ................................ ....287 2.23 高级运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ....290 位运算符................................ ................................ ................................ .........291 溢出运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....296 优先级和结合性 ................................ ................................ .............................. 299 运算符函数 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....300 自定义运算符................................ ................................ ................................ ..304 3 语言附注 ................................ ................................ ................................ .............305 3.1 关于语言附注 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...305 如何阅读语法................................ ................................ ................................ ..306 3.2 词法结构 ................................ ................................ ................................ .........307 空白与注释 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....307 标识符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............307 关键字 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............309 字面量 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............309 运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............313 3.3 类型 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................314 类型注解................................ ................................ ................................ .........315 类型标识符 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....316 元组类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........316 函数类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........317 数组类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........319 可选类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........319 隐式解析可选类型................................ ................................ ........................... 320 协议合成类型................................ ................................ ................................ ..321 元类型 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............322 类型继承子句................................ ................................ ................................ ..323 类型推断................................ ................................ ................................ .........323 3.4 表达式................................ ................................ ................................ .............324 前缀表达式（ Prefix Expressions） ................................ ................................ .....325 二元表达式（ Binary Expressions） ................................ ................................ ....325 赋值表达式（ Assignment Operator） ................................ ................................ 328 三元条件运算符（ Ternary Conditional Operator） ................................ ..............328 类型转换运算符（ Type-Casting Operators） ................................ ...................... 329 主要表达式（ Primary Expressions） ................................ ................................ ..330 后缀表达式（ Postfix Expressions） ................................ ................................ ...336 3.5 语句 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................342 循环语句................................ ................................ ................................ .........343 分支语句................................ ................................ ................................ .........346 The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 7 带标签的语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..350 3.6 声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................354 模块范围................................ ................................ ................................ .........355 代码块 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............356 引入声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........356 常量声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........357 变量声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........358 类型的别名声明 ................................ ................................ .............................. 362 函数声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........363 枚举声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........367 结构体声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....369 协议声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........372 构造器声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....376 析构声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........377 扩展声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........378 附属脚本声明................................ ................................ ................................ ..378 运算符声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....379 3.7 特性 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................381 声明特性................................ ................................ ................................ .........382 类型特性................................ ................................ ................................ .........385 3.8 模式 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................385 通配符模式（ Wildcard Pattern） ................................ ................................ ......386 标识符模式（ Identifier Pattern） ................................ ................................ ......387 值绑定模式（ Value-Binding Pattern） ................................ ............................... 387 元组模式（ Tuple Pattern） ................................ ................................ ...............388 枚举案例模式（ Enumeration Case Pattern） ................................ ...................... 389 类型转换模式（ Type-Casting Patterns） ................................ ............................ 389 表达式模式（ Expression Pattern） ................................ ................................ ....390 3.9 泛型参数 ................................ ................................ ................................ .........391 泛型形参语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..391 泛型实参语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..393 3.10 语法总结................................ ................................ ................................ ........394 语句................................ ................................ ................................ ................395 泛型参数................................ ................................ ................................ .........396 声明................................ ................................ ................................ ................397 模式................................ ................................ ................................ ................402 特性................................ ................................ ................................ ................403 表达式 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............403 词法结构................................ ................................ ................................ .........406 类型................................ ................................ ................................ ................409 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