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Delphi XE4 语言指南 简体中文
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详细说明： PDF文字版 from 叶叶 语言基础学习的好书 目录 1 前言 ...................................................................................................................... 1 2 程序组织 ............................................................................................................... 1 2.1 项目文件 ..................................................................................................... 2 2.2 单元文件 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.3 uses 子句 ....... ............................................................................................... 5 2.4 命名空间 ..................................................................................................... 7 3 语法元素 ............................................................................................................. 10 3.1 特殊符号 ................................................................................................... 10 3.2 保留字 ....................................................................................................... 11 3.3 指令 .......................................................................................................... 11 3.4 标识符 ....................................................................................................... 12 3.5 字面量 ....................................................................................................... 13 3.5.1 数字 ................................................................................................. 13 3.5.2 字符串 ............................................................................................. 14 3.6 标签 .......................................................................................................... 15 3.7 注释 .......................................................................................................... 15 3.8 编译指令 ................................................................................................... 15 3.8.1 开关指令 .......................................................................................... 16 3.8.2 参数指令 .......................................................................................... 17 3.8.3 条件编译指令 ................................................................................... 17 3.9 声明 .......................................................................................................... 21 3.9.1 提示指令 .......................................................................................... 22 3.10 块 ............................................................................................................ 22 3.11 作用域 ..................................................................................................... 23 3.12 命名冲突.................................................................................................. 24 4 数据类型 ............................................................................................................. 24 4.1 整数类型 ................................................................................................... 27 4.2 字符类型 ................................................................................................... 29 4.3 布尔类型 ................................................................................................... 30 4.4 枚举类型 ................................................................................................... 31 4.5 子界类型 ................................................................................................... 34 4.6 实数类型 ................................................................................................... 36 4.7 字符串类型 ................................................................................................ 39 4.7.1 短字符串 .......................................................................................... 41 4.7.2 ANSI 字符串....................................................................................... 42 4.7.3 Unicode 字符串.................................................................................. 43 4.7.4 长字符串 .......................................................................................... 43 4.7.5 宽字符串 .......................................................................................... 45 4.7.6 空终止字符串 ................................................................................... 46 4.8 集合类型 ................................................................................................... 49 4.9 数组类型 ................................................................................................... 50 i 4.9.1 静态数组 .......................................................................................... 51 4.9.2 动态数组 .......................................................................................... 52 4.10 记录类型.................................................................................................. 56 4.10.1 字段对齐 ........................................................................................ 57 4.10.2 变体部分 ........................................................................................ 59 4.10.3 高级记录类型 ................................................................................. 61 4.10.4 运算符重载 .................................................................................... 63 4.11 文件类型.................................................................................................. 66 4.12 指针类型.................................................................................................. 66 4.12.1 相关编译指令 ................................................................................. 68 4.12.2 标准指针类型 ................................................................................. 70 4.13 程序类型.................................................................................................. 71 4.14 变体类型.................................................................................................. 75 4.14.1 变体内部结构 ................................................................................. 76 4.14.2 变体类型转换 ................................................................................. 78 4.14.3 变体数组 ........................................................................................ 80 4.14.4 OleVariant 类型 ................................................................................ 81 4.15 兼容性 ..................................................................................................... 81 4.15.1 相同类型与不同类型 ...................................................................... 81 4.15.2 类型兼容 ........................................................................................ 83 4.15.3 赋值兼容 ........................................................................................ 83 5 变量和常量.......................................................................................................... 84 5.1 变量 .......................................................................................................... 84 5.2 常量 .......................................................................................................... 86 5.2.1 真实常量 .......................................................................................... 86 5.2.2 类型常量 .......................................................................................... 88 5.2.3 资源字符串 ...................................................................................... 91 5.2.4 常量表达式 ...................................................................................... 91 5.3 内存管理 ................................................................................................... 92 6 表达式................................................................................................................. 93 6.1 算术运算符 ................................................................................................ 95 6.2 布尔运算符 ................................................................................................ 96 6.2.1 完整评估与简略评估 ........................................................................ 96 6.3 按位运算符 ................................................................................................ 98 6.4 字符串运算符 ............................................................................................ 99 6.5 指针运算符 ................................................................................................ 99 6.6 集合运算符 ...............................................................................................100 6.7 关系运算符 ...............................................................................................100 6.8 类和接口运算符 ........................................................................................101 6.9 取地址运算符 ...........................................................................................102 6.10 运算符优先级..........................................................................................102 6.11 类型转换.................................................................................................103 7 语句 ...................................................................................................................105 7.1 赋值语句 ..................................................................................................106 ii 7.2 例程调用 ..................................................................................................107 7.3 goto 语句 ...................................................................................................108 7.4 复合语句 ..................................................................................................109 7.5 with 语句 ...................................................................................................110 7.6 if 语句........................................................................................................112 7.7 case 语句 ...................................................................................................114 7.8 repeat 语句 ................................................................................................116 7.9 while 语句 ..................................................................................................116 7.10 for 语句....................................................................................................117 7.11 for...in 语句...............................................................................................118 8 例程 ...................................................................................................................124 8.1 例程声明 ..................................................................................................124 8.1.1 前向声明 .........................................................................................128 8.1.2 外部声明 .........................................................................................128 8.2 参数 .........................................................................................................130 8.2.1 值参数与可变参数 ...........................................................................131 8.2.2 常量参数 .........................................................................................133 8.2.3 输出参数 .........................................................................................133 8.2.4 无类型参数 .....................................................................................134 8.2.5 字符串参数 .....................................................................................135 8.2.6 数组参数 .........................................................................................136 8.2.7 默认参数 .........................................................................................139 8.3 重载 .........................................................................................................141 8.4 内联 .........................................................................................................144 8.5 调用约定 ..................................................................................................145 8.5.1 传递参数 .........................................................................................146 8.5.2 处理函数返回值 ..............................................................................147 8.6 调用例程 ..................................................................................................148 8.7 程序退出 ..................................................................................................149 8.7.1 退出过程 .........................................................................................150 8.8 匿名方法 ..................................................................................................151 8.8.1 变量绑定 .........................................................................................155 8.8.2 匿名方法的优点 ..............................................................................157 9 类.......................................................................................................................160 9.1 类声明 ......................................................................................................160 9.1.1 对象类型 .........................................................................................164 9.1.2 可见性 ............................................................................................164 9.1.3 嵌套类型 .........................................................................................166 9.1.4 嵌套常量 .........................................................................................168 9.2 字段 .........................................................................................................169 9.2.1 类字段 ............................................................................................170 9.3 方法 .........................................................................................................171 9.3.1 方法绑定 .........................................................................................173 9.3.2 方法重载 .........................................................................................176 iii 9.3.3 构造方法 .........................................................................................177 9.3.4 析构方法 .........................................................................................178 9.3.5 类方法 ............................................................................................179 9.3.6 类构造方法 .....................................................................................181 9.3.7 类析构方法 .....................................................................................182 9.3.8 消息方法 .........................................................................................183 9.3.9 处理方法调用 ..................................................................................184 9.4 属性 .........................................................................................................185 9.4.1 访问说明符 .....................................................................................187 9.4.2 数组属性 .........................................................................................189 9.4.3 index 说明符.....................................................................................190 9.4.4 存储说明符 .....................................................................................191 9.4.5 类属性 ............................................................................................192 9.5 事件 .........................................................................................................193 9.6 类引用 ......................................................................................................196 9.7 类运算符 ..................................................................................................197 9.8 辅助类型 ..................................................................................................198 9.9 对象存储格式 ...........................................................................................200 10 接口 .................................................................................................................201 10.1 接口声明.................................................................................................201 10.2 接口实现.................................................................................................204 10.3 接口引用.................................................................................................208 10.4 接口运算符 .............................................................................................210 10.5 自动化对象 .............................................................................................212 11 泛型 .................................................................................................................214 11.1 泛型声明.................................................................................................217 11.2 泛型约束.................................................................................................224 12 异常 .................................................................................................................227 12.1 异常声明.................................................................................................228 12.2 raise 语句 .................................................................................................230 12.3 try...except 语句 ........................................................................................231 12.4 try...finally 语句 .........................................................................................235 13 附加属性 ..........................................................................................................235 13.1 附加属性声明..........................................................................................236 13.2 附加属性标注..........................................................................................237 13.3 附加属性提取..........................................................................................239 14 内联汇编 ..........................................................................................................242 14.1 汇编语法.................................................................................................242 14.1.1 指令 ..............................................................................................245 14.2 汇编表达式 .............................................................................................248 14.2.1 区别 ..............................................................................................248 14.2.2 字面量...........................................................................................250 14.2.3 寄存器...........................................................................................251 14.2.4 符号 ..............................................................................................253 iv 14.2.5 分类 ..............................................................................................256 14.2.6 类型 ..............................................................................................257 14.2.7 运算符...........................................................................................258 14.3 汇编例程.................................................................................................260 15 库和包 ..............................................................................................................261 15.1 库 ...........................................................................................................261 15.1.1 库的加载 .......................................................................................262 15.1.2 库的编写 .......................................................................................263 15.1.3 exports 子句 ...................................................................................265 15.1.4 库的初始化 ...................................................................................266 15.2 包 ...........................................................................................................267 15.2.1 包的声明 .......................................................................................268 15.2.2 包的编译 .......................................................................................269 16 常用例程和类 ...................................................................................................271 16.1 标准例程.................................................................................................271 16.2 字符串处理 .............................................................................................273 16.2.1 ANSI 字符串处理 .............................................................................274 16.2.2 ANSI 空终止字符串处理 ..................................................................275 16.2.3 空终止字符串处理 .........................................................................275 16.2.4 宽字符串处理 ................................................................................276 16.3 日期时间处理..........................................................................................277 16.4 数学运算.................................................................................................277 16.5 数据格式转换..........................................................................................278 16.6 格式化处理 .............................................................................................281 16.6.1 格式设置 .......................................................................................282 16.6.2 格式化参数数组 ............................................................................284 16.6.3 格式化浮点值 ................................................................................286 16.6.4 格式化日期时间值 .........................................................................288 16.7 动态内存管理..........................................................................................290 16.8 文件管理.................................................................................................293 16.8.1 文件名处理 ...................................................................................295 16.8.2 文件读写 .......................................................................................296 16.9 流（TStream） ........................................................................................298 16.9.1 文件流（TFileStream）...................................................................300 16.9.2 内存流（TMemoryStream） ...........................................................302 16.10 数据结构 ...............................................................................................304 16.10.1 散列表（TDictionary） .................................................................304 16.10.2 列表（TList）...............................................................................308 16.10.3 队列（TQueue） ..........................................................................311 16.10.4 栈（TStack）................................................................................312 16.10.5 位组（TBits） ..............................................................................314 16.11 字符串列表（TStrings） .........................................................................316 16.11.1 字符串列表（TStringList） ............................................................318 16.12 线程 ......................................................................................................320 v 16.12.1 线程管理 .....................................................................................321 16.12.2 线程（TThread） .........................................................................321 16.12.3 临界区（TCriticalSection） ............................................................325 16.12.4 事件（TEvent）............................................................................328 16.12.5 互斥体（TMutex） .......................................................................331 16.12.6 信号量（TSemaphore） ................................................................334 17 编译警告和错误 ................................................................................................337 参考文献................................................................................................................338 ...展开收缩
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