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Big Data-Enabled Nursing_Education, Research and Practice-Springer(2017).pdf
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详细说明： This book’s purpose is to engage all of nursing in the potential that big data analyt- ics holds for advancing our profession and the discipline of nursing spanning prac- tice, operations, research, academics, industry, and policy. The book includes big data state-of-the-art-and-science reviews, as well as applied chapters and case study exemplars in nursing using big data analytic methods and technology. In this book, we celebrate the early adopters and the transformative initiatives in play at health- care organizations, vendo rs, payers and academia. We also aim to present the oppor- tunities for nursing’s impact in this new, emerging knowledge-driven world. Nursing research historically adopted qualitative methodologies with purposive sampling and quantitative methodologies with small sample sizes because access to patients or large study populations was constrained. Clinical trials, bench research, epidemiology studies and large data methods were in the medical domain and used traditional biostatical analyses. However, the digitization of medical records and payers’ claims data has rede ned population studies and made large databases available to all disciplines. In the United States, large payer data has been amassed and organizations have been created to welcome scientists to explore these data to advance knowledge discovery. Health systems’ electronic health records (EHRs) have now matured to generate massive databases with longitudinal trending. The learning health system infrastructure is maturing, and being advanced by health information exchanges (HIEs) with multiple organizations blending their data, or enabling distributed computing. The evolution of knowledge discovery methods that use quantitative data mining and new analytic methods, including the develop- ment of complex data visualization, are enabling sophisticated discovery not previ- ously possible. These developments present new opportunities for nursing, and call for skills in research methodologies that can best be further enabled by forging partnerships with data science expertise spanning all sectors. Recognizing that these new opportunities also call for reassessment of all levels of academic preparation of nursing professionals from pre-licensure through post-doctoral training, parts of this book are dedicated to nursing education and competencies needed at all levels. This book represents the rst big data/data science book in nursing to be pub- lished worldwide. It succinctly captures the state of big data and societal context, xiii xiv Preface provides exemplars to establish a foundation for nursing’s response to the big data science frontier and provides multiple pathways for driving nursing’s future. Accordingly, we organized the book into ve parts with the goal of introducing the core concepts of big data and data science in Part I with examples that relate to nursing as well as other industries. Part II brings in the new and emerging tech- nologies that make big data analytics possible, and illustrates through case studies and references to initiatives currently happening. These two foundational parts also provide state-of-the-art/science reviews that are written by fellow nurses with an eye to demystifying and removing any intimidation that might surround this eld. Introduced throughout all ve parts is the important principle of using partner- ships and building teams that include big data analytics experts and data scientists in order to have the clinical and technical skill mix needed. The days of the single researcher, analyst, or single domain team are being called into question for their relevancy and ef ciency. Recognizing that all missions—academic, research, practice, policy—are transformed by big data, Part III focuses on research. Speci cally, this part dives into the complexity of disease, advancement of net- works to increase access to large data capacity, and actual application of data ana- lytics to drive transformation of the healthcare system. Taken together, Part III’s chapters show the potential of nursing’s engagement in big data science to trans- form the science by the new knowledge generated and its application in practice, education and policy. The last two parts attend to applied current state exemplars for nurse executives to have reference roadmaps, competencies needed at all levels, and a look at the near future impact for healthcare delivery, education and research. Throughout Part IV and V, “readiness” is directed at those who own change across the sectors: those who teach our next generation of nurses; the health policymakers who support change through regulations, guidance and funding; and nurse executives who de ne care strategies within their healthcare organizations. Front and center to all these sectors within the near future big data world is the critical state of the nursing work- force. Part V includes a description of quantity, emergent roles, education and appropriate certi cation and credentialing that “readiness” for the changes afoot will require. A theme throughout the book is the goal of having “sharable and comparable” nursing data, and the need for standards to make this possible. While nursing is making progress on having adequately matured, codi ed terminologies to represent nursing concepts, actions and outcomes across all care domains, we are not there yet. The tactics used to compensate for this current state are re ected in the chapters and case studies presented in Part IV and V. Interoperability and data standards are the key challenge of our times and will continue to have intense focus. Standards that work for all are not just U.S. challenges, but rather extend worldwide; and thus, the signi cance of a global world permeates these invitations for engagement, trans- formation and empowered nursing. In summary, this book is applicable to all nurses and interprofessional col- leagues in all roles. We deliberately constructed the content and selected the applied Preface xv examples and case studies so that the book can serve as a technology reference, or a “101 Intro” to big data for all nurses, and most importantly, a “how to” guide for planning your own big data initiatives. We hope that you will use the book broadly for continuing education purposes as well as for educational curricula; but above all, we hope that you read and enjoy the book! ...展开收缩
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