Broadband MIMO wireless systems Channel measuremen

文件名称: Broadband MIMO wireless systems Channel measurement and modeling.pdf

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详细说明：宽带MIMO无线系统信道测量与建模Broadband MIMO wireless systems Channel measurement and modeling.pdfUNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Broadband MIMO Wireless Systems: Channel Measurement and modeling apichart Intarapanich A DISSERTATiON SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEP ARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING CALGARY ALBERTA MARCH, 2005 C Apichart I anich 2005 Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ONK1AoN4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada your file votre reference /SBN.0-494-03867-5 Our file Notre reference /SBN:0-494-03867-5 NOTICE: AVIS The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la bibliotheque et Archives and archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par IInternet, preter telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans oan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres worldwide for commercial or non sur support microform, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats paper, electronic and/or any other formats The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these this thesis neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimis ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation reproduced without the author's permIssion In compliance with the canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaire secondaires from this thesis ont ete enleyes de cette these While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaire in the document page count aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent i ny aura aucun contenu manquant any loss of content from the thesis Canada ABSTRaCt There is increasing interest in the exploration of multiple-input and multiple output(MIMO) systcms to onhanco the capacity of wireless systems. In the first part of this study we develop a broadband MIMO channel capacity for burst signal transmission and tap gain correlation model based on Geometrically Based Single Bounce(GBSB)model. We investigate tap gain correlation effects on the broadband MIMO channel capacity. In the second part, we develop a broadband MIMO channel sounder. The broadband Mimo channel sounder is used to collect the channel impulse responses (CIRs) of an indoor MIMO propagation environment. Then, we evaluate the broadband MIMO system performance based on the measured CIrs The first part of this dissertation presents two major contributions to broadband MIMO systems. A total correlation model which includes both spatial and tap gain correlation is dcrivcd. The information theoretic channel capacity based on this total correlation is evaluated for geometrical based channel models, The tap gain correlation model is then developed based on GBSB model. We also evaluate the channel capacity based on this tap gain correlation model and the total correlation model The second part of this dissertation presents three major contributions to the area of broadband MIMO channel measurements. We directly evaluate the channel capacity using the measured CIRs. Stochastic MIMO channels are also developed by exploiting the measured CIRs. Finally, we propose a technique to estimated the spatial correlation of both transmit and receive arrays fc arbitrary antenna separation using only one set of cirs Acknowledgements This work has been made possible by the generous support from many people First of all, i would like to express my thanks to my supervisor Dr, Robert J Davies for his invaluable advice, encouragement and financial support throughout my doctoral studies. I also would like to thank my co-supervisor, Dr. Abu B Sesay for his time and support during the course of this study. I would like to thank Dr. Aiden A. Bruen for his kindness introduction to the concept of information theory. I am also vcry grateful to my committee members: Dr, John Nielsen, Dr. Aiden A. Bruen and Dr. Rodney vaughan for their time and counse I would like to thank my colleague at TRlabs, Dr. Padarn L. Kafle, for his encouragement and invaluable discussions on variety of technical issues with regard to my research. i also would like to thank Mr. Kriangsak Sivasondhivat for valuable discussion on the angle estimation techniques. TRLabs staff also deserves acknowledgement for their invaluable assistance and support. Also, my doctoral studies in Canada are not possible without Mr. Pramote Srisuksant, a former director of the telecommunication research laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Thanks also go to TRLabs for providing me the financial support throughout my study. This funding provided me with the unique opportunity to do my doctoral studies in Canada Finally, my sincere thanks go to my parents for their life-long support and encouragement To my parents Table of Contents A1 pproval Page.…………………………;……… Abstract Acknowledgement ·鲁 ,,,,,,,,,,IV Dedication.,,,.,…,,…Vv Table of contents 申曹 List of Figures List of abbreviations List of Synbols Chapter 1 Introduction p1,甲4 1. 1 MIMO Systems 1.2 Thesis Overview 4辛由垂看 1.3 Existing Works 1. 4 Original Contributions 7 Chapter 2. MIMO systems and information theory 2.1 Information theory..,.,…,,…,,…,,10 2.1.1 Measure of information content 10 2.1.2 Mutual information ·+······.·:··:;.....::....:·;·:+...:.::·: 12 2.2 Capacity in additive noise channels 16 2.2.1 Communication system 16 2.2.2 Discrete Memoryless Channel Capacity 2.2.3 Waveforn Channel Capacity 2.3 Capacity in Fading Channels…,,,,,…,24 2.3. 1 The Ergodic Capacity of Fading Channels 2.3.2 The Outage Capacity for the Fading Channels 唱pD唱I,唱Dd鲁 27 24 MIMO Capacity in Narrowband Fading Systems………………… 28 2.4. 1 MIMO System Model ∴29 2.4.2 Ergodic Capacity..,.........,... 31 2.4, 3 Outage Capacity.. 34 25 MIMO Capacity in Broadband Fading Systems……… 37 2.5. 1 Broadband MIMO system model 3了 2.5.2 The capacity for a fixed transfer function 40 2.5. 3 The capacity for a channel with quasi static frequency selective Rayleigh fading 2.6 Summary 44 Chapter 3. Fading Correlations and Their Effect on the MIMO Capacity...45 3. 1 Multipath Mimo channel model 45 31.1 Array ResponseⅤ ector,…,,,,…, 46 3.1.2 Vector Multipath Fading Channel ;.申4血 48 3. 1.3 MIMO Multipath fading Channel Model 51 3.2 Spatial Correlation for the GBSBM 3.2.1 GBSBEM Spatial Correlation 3.2.2 Downlink GBSBCM Spatial Correlation..........,.,.....56 3. 3 The Kronecker Product Model for MIMo Spatial Correlation 3.4 The Effect of Spatial Correlation to the Narrow band Capacity…………,60 3. 4. 1 The MIMO Narrowband Capacity and the Channel Matrices Realization. 60 3.4.2 MIMO Narrowband Capacity Simulation 3.5 Tap Gain Correlation and its Effect on Broadband MIMO Capacity .....63 35.1 Systen Model and Total Correlation……………………………64 3.5.2 OFDM-MIMO Capacity with Tap Gain Correlation 66 3.6 Summary ·:: ·....·:· Chaptor 4. Tap Gain Correlation Model ,71 4,1 The geometrically Based Single Bounce Model………………………,7 4.1.1 Geometrically Based Single Bounce Model (GBSBM 4.1.2 Geometrically Based Single Bounce Elliptical Model(GBSBEM)..73 4.1.3 Geometrically Based Single Bounce Circular Model (GBSBCM)..75 4.2 Tap Gain Correlation 4.2.1 Tap gain Correlation for the GBSBeM………………………77 42.2 Tap gain Correlation for the GBSBCM…………80 4.3 OFDM Capacity with GBSBM Tap Gain Correlation 82 4.3. 1 Capacity for GBSBEM 面垂看b ∴.83 4.3.2 Capacity for gbsbcm 85 44 Summary……………………… 88 V11 Chapter 5. Broadband MIMO Channel sounder 1·喜1·■,4p,114., 5. 1 Baseband Signal Processing 89 5. 1. 1 System Identification Using a White noise 5. 1.2 PN Sequence for MIMO system identification 93 5.13 Signal Detection by Using Circular Convolution…………… 95 5. 2 Systen Implementation 96 5.2.1① ransmitter, b着,看看善非着非··4...11·非司·.,自 96 5.2.2 Receiver 97 5.2.3 Antenna array... 98 5.2.4 Link budget Estimation 98 5.2.5 Back-to-back calibration 100 5.3 Summary.…………… 101 Chapter 6. MIMo Channel Impulse Responses and Capacities ·卡,·.日· p,自·非 102 6. 1 Measurement Campaign. 102 6.2 MIMO Capacity Evaluation ,,,,,,,104 6. 3 Correlation Analysis ,,,,,,,,,,,105 6.4 Measurement results 107 6. 4. 1 Channel Impulse responses 107 642 Capacity… 垂咖 109 6.4. 3 Capacity with Correlation 6.5 Summary.… 申··中·;·非申4垂·如申,·4垂非···垂·4 115 Chapter7. Spatial Correlation Measurements,…,…,,…,,,,,,116 7. 1 The Power Angle Spectrum and Spatial Correlation 116 7. 1. 1 A review of plane waves in free space 1117 7. 1.2 The mapping between vector and scalar space 118 7. 1.3 Wavevector and Wavenumber Spectrum 119 71.4 The Power Angle Spectrum…… 120 72 Angle Estimation Technique for Multipath Propagation……………,,122 7. 2. 1 The standard ESPRiT algorithm 123 7. 2.2 Forward-backward Averaging 7.2.3 The Unitary ESPRIT…,…… 番↓b 7. 3 Sequential use of the esPrit for estimating both DODs and DOAs.. 135

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