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详细说明：最新SENT协议通信标准，广泛用于汽车行业内总线与各传感器件间的数据传输。SAE INTERNATIONAL
J2716MAPR2016
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Appendix a
Recommended application specific protocols
38
AppendⅸB
Checksum examples
51
Appendix C
Testing guidelines
ppendix D
Ap
Serial channel message IDS
58
Appendix E
ommon sensor definitions
着
Appendix F
Fast channel multiplexing
93
AppendⅸG
SENT connectors
101
Appendix H
sent data frame formats
.103
ppendⅸ
Alternative receiver circuit
.118
Figure 3.2.1-1
SENT standard structure and transmission layers
Figure 5.2.1-1
EXample encoding scheme for two 12 bit signals
Figure 5.2.3-1
EXample nominal nibble times
EB国B面BB1B
.12
FF
ure523-2
Continued example nibble values
12
Igure 5.2.4.1
Construction of short serial data message from 16 SENT messages
.13
Figure 5.2.4.2-2 Enhanced serial message format with 12-bit data field and 8-bit message li
Figure 5.2.4.2-1 Construction of enhanced serial data message from 18 SENT messages
Enhanced serial message format with 16-bit data field and 4-bit message lo ...
15
Figure5.2.4.2-3
.15
Figure5.2.4.3-1 Order of the message bits,24- bit message used for CRC generation………….…...….…..16
Figure 5.3.2-1
Quantisation of sampled and calibrated nibble
Figure 5.3.3.1-1 Error pattern for successive calibration pulse detection
19
Figure 5.3.3.1-2 Successive calibration pulse detection
20
Figure 6.2.1-1
lustration of clock error accumulation as given in table 6. 2.1-1
26
Figure 6.3-1
Example SENT system interface circuit topology
27
Figure 6.3.1-1
Example SEnT shaped waveform transmitter output
28
Figure 6.3.1-2
SENT transmit pulse parameters
∴28
Figure 6.3.1-3 SENT system interface circuit topology for a regulated 5v power supply of the transmitter by
the receiver
Figure 6.3.1-4
SENT system interface circuit topology for an independent 5v power supply in the receiver with
identical signal ground line and power ground line.................………….,30
Figure 6.3.1-5 SENT system interface circuit topology for an independent 5v power supply in the receiver with
separate signal ground line and power ground line
31
Figure 6.3.2-1
Legacy SEnT receiver interface circuit topology
33
Figure 6.3.2-2
Recommended SENT system interface circuit topology
33
Figure 6. 3.2-3 Example alternative SENT system interface circuit topology
Figure C1.2.1-1 Error time examples
..55
Figure C. 1.2.2-1 Worst case age for signal as received by ECU
Figure C 2-1
Supply current ripple test setup….….
.·:
…57
Figure D6-1
Example: serial message cycle with 14 messages (table D 6-1)is transmitted continuously
Serial message cycle can be captured within 64 messages
Figure D.7-1
Start-up phase of the sensor and the ecu
73
Figure E.2.1.1-1
Nominal characteristic function of a sensor(with 12-bit data values)
4.面
78
Figure E.2.1.2-1 Partitioning of measurement data ranges and mapping onto senT data values( for illustration)..80
Figure E.2.2.1-1 Default temperature characteristic function(for illustration)
Figure E.2. 2.2-1 High temperature characteristic function(for illustration)
83
Figure E 2.3-1
Ratio transfer function
85
Figure E.2.4.1.1-1 Application with default Y1,Y2
87
Figure E.2.4.1.2-1 Application with sensor-specifiC Y1,Y2
87
Figure G1.1. 1-1 Assignment example of the electrical signals to the contact numbers (senT ak connector)....101
Figure H 1-1
Format and data channels of sensors with two fast channels
106
Figure H 2-1
Format and data channels of sensors with one fast channel
..107
Figure H.3.1-1
Structure of the high-speed sent frame
109
Figure H4-1
Format and data channels of sensors with fast channel 1 and secure sensor information ww 111
Figure H.5
Format and data channels of single sensors with one 12-bit fast channel
113
Figure H6
Format and data channels of sensors with 14-bit fast channel 1 and 10-bit fast channel 2
.115
Figure H 7-1
Format and data channels of sensors with 16-bit fast channel 1 and 8-bit fast channel 2
117
Fic
Igure 1.2-1
Worst case transmitter with reference circuit topology
119
Igure 1. 2-2
Fi
Procedure to guarantee that pulse shapes of alternative circuit will always stay within the limits
given by the tolerances of the reference circuit....
120
SAE INTERNATIONAL
J2716MAPR2016
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Table 5.2.4-1 Status and communication nibble description
Table5.2.4.3-1
Undetected 3 and 4 bit errors
BBBm画B国画
16
Tab|e5.4.1-1
Bit flip patterns over two nibbles not detectable using the crc polynomial
Tabe5.4.12
Checksum missed detection rate, edge shift between two nibbles
(valid frames only, recommended implementation)
Tabe54.1-3
Checksum missed detection rate, asymmetrical edge shift offset by 1 between two nibbles
(valid frames only, recommended implementation)
23
Tabe6.2.1-1
Communication clock tolerance
Tab|e6.3.1-1
Transmitter driver requirements
1面
Tab|e6.3.1-2
Independent 5v powered transmitter requirements
31
Tab|e6.3.13
Independent 5v supply high power transmitter additional requirements
.32
Tab|e6.3.2-1
General receiver input requirements
3
Tab|e6.3.2-2
Discrete receiver component values
.35
Tab|e63.23
Receiver power supply requirements
Table 7.1-
SENT configuration shorthand definition
Table a.2.1-1
Data channels for maf sensors
Table A.2.3.1-1 Short serial message format message ids for mass air flow sensor serial data
Table A.2.3.1-2 Error codes for message id f, short serial message format mass air flow sensor serial data
Table a.5.1-1
Overview of pressure sensor frame formats and protocols
1副
43
Table a 6.2.1
Interpretation of n-bit temperature data
Table A.6.3-1
Overview of temperature sensor frame formats and protocols
47
Table a.6.3-2
Overview of temperature sensor frame formats and protocols using fast channel multiplexing
48
Table b 1-1
EXample 4-bit checksum calculations, legacy implementation
51
Table B 1-2
Example 4-bit checksum calculations, recommended implementation
51
able b 1-3
Example 4-bit crc calculation by polynominal division
52
Table B 1-4
Example 4-bit crc verification by polynominal division
53
Table b 2-1
Example checksum calculations, 6-bit crc
54
Table C.1.2. 1-1 Number of wrong frames for error time
Table c 2-1
Supply current ripple test setup circuit parameters
57
Table d. 1-1
Serial message channel 8-bit message ids. ..............................................................................58
Table d2-1
Serial message channel 4-bit message ids
able d3-1
SENT revision codes
Table d,4,1-1
SENT sensor types
61
Table d.2-1
SENT Sensor classes
69
Table D 5-1
Definition of error and status messages, transmitted over the serial channel
70
Table d 6-1
EXample: sub-set of message ids that are used by a sensor within one serial message cycle....72
Table d 8-1
Manufacturers codes
Table d9-1
Transmission of ascii characters over $90 to $97: encoding example
75
Table e.1.2-1
Examples: measurement data and signaling data regions of fast and supplementary channel data. 76
Table E1.3-1
Error indicators/ specific messages /initialization message
Table E.2.1.2-1 Partitioning of the signal data space with default Y1 and Y2
79
Table E.2. 1, 4-1 Default Y1 and Y2 values
Table E.2. 1.5-1 Transmission of generic linear transfer characteristic node values with 12-bit
.81
Table e.2.2-1
Overview of temperature transfer characteristic functions
Tab|eE.2.2.1-1
Transfer function parameters for default linear temperature data channe/
.82
Table e24-1
Transfer function parameters for pressure data channels
85
Table e24-2
llustration of possible values for and for pressure data channels
∴86
Table e24-3
Transmission of pressure transfer characteristic node values with 12-bit
Table E 2.2.3-1 Transfer function parameters for special linear temperature data channels
.84
Table E25-1
Illustration of possible values for and for linear position data channe/s
Transfer function parameters for position data channels
88
Table e.2.5-2
Table e.2.5-3
Illustration of possible values for and for angle data channels
∴89
ab|eE.2.5-4
Illustration of possible values for and for relative position and relative angle data channels .....89
Table e2 6-
Transfer function parameters for linear maf data channel
89
Table e.3.2-1
Setting of error messages and signals
Table F2-1
Fast channel multiplexing data frame formats examples with six data nibbles
93
Table f2-2
Examples for mapping of sensor data into fast channel multiplexing data frame format.......94
Table f 4-1
Allocation of the bits of the status and communication nibble
∴95
Table f5-1
Example of failure cases with single sensor data channel
.:
97
Table f5-2
Example of failure cases with two sensor data channels
98
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J2716MAPR2016
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Table f.6.1-1 data frames with 12-bit sensor data
99
Table f.6.2-1
Data frames with 16-bit sensor data
Table f.6.3-1
Data frames with two sensor data channels
100
Table f.6. 4-1
Data frames with free to use data
100
Table G1.1.1-1 SENT connector termination assignment
101
Table h-1
Basic sent frame formats data channels and nibble orders
104
Table h-2
Allocation of the bits of the status and communication nibble
104
Table h 1-1
Nibble and bit orders for sensors with two 12-bit fast channels
106
Table h.3.1-1
Nibble and bit orders for high-speed 12-bit sensors
109
Table h5-1
Nibble and bit orders for single sensors with one 12-bit fast channel
Nibble and bit orders for sensors with 14-bit fast channel 1 and 10-bit fast channe/2
112
Table h6-1
114
Table h7-1
Nibble and bit orders for sensors with 16-bit fast channel 1 and 8-bit fast channel 2
116
Table 1-1
Allowed pulse shape deviation between reference receiver and alternative circuit
118
1. SCOPE
This document defines a level of standardization in the implementation of the digital pulse scheme for reporting sensor
information via Single Edge Nibble Transmission(SENT)encoding. This standard will allow ECU and tool manufacturers to
satisfy the needs of multiple end users with minimum modifications to the basic design. This standard will benefit vehicle
Original Equipment Manufacturers(OEMs) by achieving lower ECU costs due to higher industry volumes of the basic
design
Requirements stated in this document provide a minimum standard level of performance to which all compatible ECUs and
media shall be designed. This assures data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier
This document is a communication interface specification and no to be treated as product specification
The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ECU suppliers, sensor suppliers, component release engineers and
vehicle system engineers
1.1 Overview
The Single Edge Nibble Transmission encoding scheme(SENT)is intended for use in applications where high resolution
sensor data needs to be communicated from a sensor to an Electronic Control Unit(ECU). It is intended as a replacement
for the lower resolution methods of 10 bit A/D's and PWM and as a simpler low cost alternative to can or LIN. the
implementation assumes that the sensor is a smart sensor containing a microprocessor or dedicated logic device(AsIC)to
create the signal
SENT is a unidirectional communications scheme from sensor transmitting device to controller /receiving device which
does not include a coordination signal from the controller/receiving device. The sensor signal is transmitted as a series of
pulses with data encoded as falling to falling edge periods. Details of the signal encoding may vary for specific sensor
applications described in various appendices of this specification
SAE INTERNATIONAL
J2716MAPR2016
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2 REFERENCES
2.1 Applicable Documents
The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the
latest issue of SAE publications shall apply
2.1.1 SAE Publications
Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323(inside USA
and Canada)or +1724-776-4970(outside Usa),Www.Sae.org
SAE J551(All parts) Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility for Vehicles
and devices
SAE J1113(All parts) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Vehicle Components
SAE J1930
Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviation and Acronyms
2.1.2 Other Publications
CISPR 25
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers
Used On Board Vehicles(available at webstore. iec. ch)
ES-XW7T-1A278-Ac Ford Component and Subsystem Electromagnetic Compatibility Worldwide Requirements and Test
Procedures(availableatwww.fordemc.com.ThisdocumentshallbereferredtoastheFordEmc
Spec
GMW3097 General Specification for Electrical Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic
Compatibility( this document will be referred to as the GM EMC Spec)
ANSI INCITS 4-1986(R2007) American National Standards Institute,
2007
USCAR
United States Council for Automotive Research, USCAR EWCAPEWCAP Footprints Database, 1.2 mm
Connectors(sealed),(availableathttp://www.uscar.org/quest/teams/10/electrical-wiring-component-
Applications-Partnership
3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
3.1 GLOSSARY
3.1.1 Media
The physical entity that conveys the electrical (or equivalent means of communication) signal transmission between
electronic devices
3.1.2 Protocol
The formal set of conventions or rules for the exchange of information between electronic devices. This includes the
specification of the signal frame administration, frame transfer and physical layer
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J2716MAPR2016
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3.1.3 Message
One sequence of calibration pulse and specified number of nibble pulses for that implementation The number of nibbles is
constant for each implementation but the individual message times can vary depending on the specific values of the nibbles
3.1.4 Radiated emissions
The energy that radiates from the physical layer
3.1.5 Radiated Immunity
The level of susceptibility of physical layer components to communication errors in the presence of high energy
electromagnetic fields
3.1.6 Receiver module
The processor that receives the encoded signal. Generally an ECU with falling-edge detection and timing measurement
capabilities
3.1.7 Transmitter module
The device that generates the message to the receiver module. Generally a smart sensor
3.1.8 Nominal
Time period assuming no transmitter clock error
3.1.9 Pulse period
Time between consecutive falling edges of the transmitting signal
3.1.10 Error
Indicates that a problem exists with current sample, data or message
3.1.11 Fault
Indicates that enough errors have been detected (usually matured by counting X errors in-a-row or via up-down or X-out-
of-Y counters or other filtering means )to develop into a fault which is latched until cleared
3.1.12 Clock Tick Time
Fundamental time unit in transmitter used to construct SENT output signal
3.1.13 Signal ground Line
The reference point from which all SEnT electrical interface voltage parameters are measured; transmitter requirements
are defined with respect to the Signal Ground pin on the transmitting device; receiver requirements are defined with respect
to the return pin on the receiving module. An equivalent term for the Signal ground Line is Signal Return Line. The suffix
GND is linked to the Signal Ground Line
3.1.14 Power ground line
The signal through which the primary power current for a module flows to a system level ground node. Under certain
conditions it is possible, that Power Ground Line and Signal Ground Line are identical
3.1.15 Medium Temperature
Measured temperature of a physical medium defined in the specification of the particular sensor of the transmitter
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J2716MAPR2016
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3.1.16 Internal Reference Temperature
Measured internal temperature of some point within the transmitter(e.g, integrated circuit). This temperature can be used
by the receiver as a reference to determine the status of the transmitter
3.1.17 Reserved data ranges
Reserved data ranges shall be used, as specified in SAE J2716, or they are retained for future use by the SAE. These data
ranges may not be assigned to any other use
3.1.18 Fast Channel
The data transmitted on the data nibble pulses can carry the payload data of one or more Fast Channels. the data rate of
these payload data channels is determined by the number of bits(e.g, 12 bits)in each signal data field and the period of
the sEnT transmission sequence. These channels are called Fast Channels, since their data rate is significantly larger than
the data rate of the serial Message channel
3.1.19 Slow Channe
The Serial Message Channel is also denoted as slow Channel in earlier revisions of sAe J2716. The term Slow Channel
is used as opposed to Fast Channel
3.1.20 Serial Message Channe
Two bits per sent data frame can be allocated to a serial message channel. Either Enhanced Serial Message Format or
Short Serial Message Format can be used for data transmission over the serial message channel. the enhanced Serial
Message Format is recommended rather than the short Serial Message Format
3.1.21 Enhanced Serial Message Format
Recommended format of the serial Message channel frame
3.1.22 Short Serial Message Format
Format of the serial message channel frame
3.1.23 Supplementary Data Channels
Enhanced Serial Message Format frames can carry supplementary data channels. These supplementary data channels
can transmit measurement data from further sources at a lower rate than the data on the fast channels. a default assignment
of supplementary data channels is defined for specific sensor classes
3.2 OVERVIEW OF SENT STANDARD STRUCTURE
The main body of the standard defines the mandatory means of the physical as well as data link layer with limited degrees
of freedom for implementation The system designer has to specify the sent compliant component by choosing the options
and limit the variance given within physical and data link layer definitions of the main bod
The application specific definitions within the appendices are intended to help the system and component designer to limit
the variance of implementations to support interchangeability of components, but following them is not mandatory
The system designer should start by using the application specific protocols of APPENDIX A and additionally limit from the
available ranges and choose from the set of available options for the transmitting component. Regardless the application
specific protocols defined with APPENDIX A there are still some options which are open to be chosen for different
implementations by the component designers. These options need to be defined with the component specifications and
either be covered by the receiver design or have to be limited by the system designer
A flexible receiver design adapting to different options is recommended and supports the interchangeability
SAE INTERNATIONAL
J2716MAPR2016
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3.2.1 SENT Transmission Layers
Figure 3.2. 1-1 illustrates the structure of the SENT standard and the relationship of as well the sections of the main body
as the appendices of the document to the data transmission layers
Since the functions which define one layer of the SENT protocol are required by the functions of the layer above it, this
overview also explains the hierarchy of the sections of the SENT standard
I D.4.1 Sensor Classes and Types i
E 1 Reserved Signaling ranges
E 2 Transfer Function
3 Error Messages and Signals
A 1 Throttle Position Sensors
A2 Mass Air Flow Sensors
D.1,D.2,D.3,D.8,D.9
A.5 Pressure Sensors
Message IDS
A6T
I D5 Error and Status Messages
D.6. Serial Messaging Rules
I A 7 Position Sensors and ratio
Sensors
D.4.2 Supplementary Data
Cha
5.2 Framing of Bit Patterns, Frame
App. H Frame Formats, Data
Structure
Channels, Nibble Orders i
5.2 Serial Messaging Channels
lApp. F Fast Channel
1 5.3 Transmission and Reception of
Multiplexing
Data Frames
、154 Error detetion
6.1 SENT Tick Time Tolerances
6.2 Receiver and Transmitter
Clocks
i App. G SENT Connectors
16.3 Transmitter and Receiver
Electrical Requirements
6.4, 6.5 ESD, EMC Reg
3.2.2 SENT Appendices
Protocols and frame formats are common to multiple sensor types
Application-specific sensor types, data transmission formats and protocols can be specified by references to respective
sections that define generic functions and frame formats. SENT test conditions are specified in APPENDIX C
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J2716MAPR2016
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4 ACRONYMS. ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS
ASIC-Application Specific Integrated Circuit
CAN- Controller area network
ECU- Electronic Control unit
EMC -Electromagnetic Compatibility
ESD-Electrostatic Discharge
FC- Frame Control (fast channel multiplexing)
ISo-International Organization for Standardization
kbits/sec -Thousands of data bits per second
LIN -Local Interconnect network
LSN- least significant nibble
MAF-Mass air flow
MidLSN- middle least significant nibble
MidMSN -middle most significant nibble
MidN - middle nibble
MSN-most significant nibble
OEM-Original Equipment Manufacturer
RE- Radiated emissions
RI- Radiated immunity
SAE-Society of Automotive Engineers
SENT- Single Edge Nibble Transmission
TPS- Throttle position sensor
5. SENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General Requirements
Transmission occurs independently of any action of the receiver module, i. e, the transmission shall not require a
synchronization signal from the receiver module
Assumptions used to design the encoding scheme
Actual t ransmission time may be dependent on the data values being sent and the transmitter clock variation
Message pulse order (i.e, message frame)is fixed for all transmitters
Transmitter is allowed a maximum clock tick time variation of +20%
Transmission time for the longest data message and max transmitter clock variation is less than 1.0 millisecond at
3 microsecond clock tick time and 6 data nibbles
A transmitter specific nominal clock period (tick)between 3 microseconds and 90 microseconds
The encoding scheme defines a number of diagnostic tests to be implemented in the receiving module. However
for example, the CRC checksum is 4 bit and not as robust as other checking schemes(see section 5.4.1). Therefore
the encoding scheme is targeted at systems that can tolerate a low probability of intermittent faulted messages not
being detected via the scheme's diagnostic suite. In case additional robustness is needed, application level
diagnostics should be used
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