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详细说明：digital phase modulation 通信行业使用的调制解调方面的内容Applications of Communications Theory Series Editor:R. W. Lucky, aT& T Bell laboratories COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTURES AND PROTOCOLS Edited by Paul E. green, Jr DATA TRANSPORTATION AND PROTECTION John E. Hershey and R. K. Rao Yarlagadda DEEP SPACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Edited by Joseph h. Yuen DIGITAL PHASE MODULATION John B. Anderson, Tor Aulin, and Carl-Erik Sundberg ERROR-CORRECTION CODING FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS George C. Clark, Jr, and j. Bibb Cain FIBER OPTICS: Technology and applications Stewart D, Personick FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SWITCHING Edited by john C. McDonald INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS John R. Pierce and edward C. Posner MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Jeremiah F. hayes MODERN TELECOMMUNICATION E. Bryan Carne OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS Stewart D, Personick PRACTICAL COMPUTER DATA COMMUNICATIONS William j. Barksdale TELECOMMUNICATIONS SWITCHING J. Gordon Pearce A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. a continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment For further information please contact the publisher. Digital Phase Modulation John b. anderson Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York Tor aulin Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg, Sweden and Carl-Erik Sundberg At &t Bell Laboratories Holmdel, New Jersey pringer Science+ Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Anderson, John B. 1945 Digital phase modulation (Applications of communications theory) Includes bibliographical references and index 1. Digital modulation. 2. Phase modulation. 3. Modulation theory. I. Aulin, Tor. II Sundberg, Carl-Erik. Ill. Title. IV Series TKsl03.7A531986 621.38 869430 ISBN978-1-48992033-1 1098765432 ISBN978-1-48992033-1 ISBN978-1-4899-2031-7( eBook) DOI101007978-148992031-7 C 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1986 Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1986 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Pr reface The last ten years have seen a great fowering of the theory of digital data modulation. This book is a treatise on digital modulation theory, with an emphasis on these more recent innovations. It has its origins in a collabor tion among the authors that began in 1977. at that time it seemed odd to us that the subjects of error-correcting codes and data modulation were so separated; it seemed also that not enough understanding underlay the mostly ad hoc approaches to data transmission. a great many others were intrigued too, and the result was a large body of new work that makes up most of his book. Now the older disciplines of detection theory and coding theory have been generalized and applied to the point where it is hard to tell where these end and the theories of signal design and modulation begin. Despite our emphasis on the events of the last ten years, we have included all the traditional topics of digital phase modulation Signal space concepts are developed, as are simple phase-shift-keyed and pulse-shaped modulations; receiver structures are discussed, from the simple linear receiver to the Viterbi algorithm; the effects of channel filtering and of hardlimiting are described. The volume thus serves well as a pedagogical book for research engineers in industry and second-year graduate students In communications engineering The production of a manageable book required that many topics be left out. The major constraint in the book is that it is strictly limited to phase modulation Schemes in which data symbols cause changes in signal amplitude are omitted. Much other exciting new work had to be left out Channel equalization, new hardware, new error-correcting codes, and multi ple-access problems are a few of these subjects. Some readers may seek a more thorough grounding in the mathematical basis of communications theory, since the book assumes a basic knowledge of vector spaces, probabil ty, and random processes. In addition, the rapid treatment of detection theory, information theory, and phase-lock loops may not be enough for some readers Preface The book is organized as follows An introduction expounds the reasons, both technical and commercial, why digital transmission has become so important. Communications theory is the subject of Chapter 2 detection and signal space theory are introduced, along with the error probability and spectrum of a modulation and some simple receivers for it. The older, simpler modulation schemes like phase-shift keying and their real-world behavior provide illustrations of these theories. Chapters 3 and 4 then develop in detail the energy and bandwidth performance of a very general class of modulations called continuous-phase modulations or CPM Chapter 5 looks at the simultaneous energy and bandwidth performance of these modulations, from the standpoint of both particular schemes and the Shannon theory of modulation Chapter 6 deals with CPM transmitter structures, while Chapters 7 and 8 discuss more sophisticated receivers than those in Chapter 2. Synchronization and performance with partial phase knowledge form the subject matter of Chapters 9 and 10. Chapter 1l explores the effect of modulations on error-correcting codes. a half-year course in digital modulation could focus on Chapters 1-5 and 7, with other topics chosen to suit the instructor's taste a shorter more theoretical course could feature Chapters 2-4. In writing this book, we have attempted to give some idea of the historical development of the subject, but we have not performed a rigorous literature search and we apologize to the many contributors to the field who have not been referenced by name We are deeply indebted to our colleagues and co-workers at McMaster University in Canada the University of lund and Chalmers Technical University in Sweden, and rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the U.S.A., and to our industrial co-workers at INTELSAT, AT&t--Bell Laboratories(U. S. A ), the General Electric(U.S.A )Corpor ate Research and Development Center, Codex Corporation (U.S. A Ericsson Radio Systems(Sweden), and the European Space Agency Of this large body of co-workers we must give special mention to Rudi de Buda, Nils Rydbeck, Arne Svensson, and Goran Lindell. It is a special pleasure to acknowledge the typing services of Doris Glock, Constance Brough, Inga-Britt Holmdahl, Annette Laiacona, and Sandi-jo Rumsey and the patience and guidance of our editor, L S Marchand. Certain government agencies were instrumental in the support of the new research in the book; these were the Swedish Board of Technical Development (STU) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada j B. Anderson Troy, New York T. Aulin Goteborg, Sweden C.-E. Sundberg Holmdel, New Jersey Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Why Digital Transmission? 1.2. Some Basic Digital Channels 1.3. Some Digital Channel Concepts 1.4. A Brief Histor 1.5. Organization of the Book References .... Chapter 2. Signal analysis and an overview of Modulation Methods 15 2. 1. Receiver Principles for Gaussian Noise 15 2.1.1. The Maximum Likelihood receiver 15 2. 1. 2. Probability of Error 20 2. 2. Phase Modulated Signals 22 2. 1. PSK and FSK 2. 2. A Notation for Continuous Phase Modulations 25 2.2.3. Euclidean Distance for Phase modulations 2.3. Examples of error Probability Calculations 28 2.4. Baseband Receiver and Transmitter Models 31 2.5. The Linear Receiver 35 2.5. 1. Intersymbol Interference and the receiver eye 2.5.2. Channel Filter Effects on MSK and PSK 38 2.6. Nyquist-Pulse-Shaped PSK 2.6. 1. Nyquist-Pulse PSK 41 2.6.2. Raised Cosine Nyquist Pulses 45 2.7. A Summary of Modulation Methods 2.7. 1. Quadrature Modulation Schemes ·申 48 2.7.2. CPM Schemes References Chapter 3. Error Performance 3. 1. System Definition........... 3. 2. Bounds on the minimum Euclidean Distance 3. 2.1. Full Response, H =1 3.2.2. Partial Response, H=1 71 3. 2.3. Full Response, Multi-h 79 3.2. 4. Partial Response, Multi-h....... 87 3. 2.5. Summary...... 3,3. The Minimum Euclidean Distance 3. 3. 1. Full Response, H= 1 3.3. 2. Partial Response, H ··酯 96 3.3.3. Full Response, Multi-h 105 3.3.4. Partial Response, Multi-h 106 3.3.5. Summary ... 3. 4. Systems with a Trellis Structure 111 3.4. 1. A State Description for Modulators........... 111 3.4.2. Transfer Function Symbol Error Probability bounds 114 343. Summary∴….… 122 3.5. Effects of Filtering and Limiting 123 3.5. 1. The Euclidean Distance for Mismatched Signal Sets 123 3.5.2. Effects of Filtering 126 3.5.3. Effects of Filtering and Hard Limitation 136 3.5.4. Summary 143 3.6. Conclusions 14 References... ··非 144 Chapter 4. Spectral Performance 147 4. 1. Review of Spectral Calculation Methods 147 4.2. A Simple, Fast, and Reliable General Numerical Method 149 4.2.1. Derivation of the method 4. 2.2. Numerical Results 154 4.2.3. Generalizations 161 4.2. 4. Summary of the autocorrelation Function Method 16 4.3. Closed Form Expressions for Some Simple Schemes 4.4. Asymptotic and Related Behavior of Spectra 168 4.5. Effects of Filtering and Amplitude limitation 173 eferences 179 Chapter 5. Energy-Bandwidth Comparisons and Shannon Theory for Phase Modulation 181 5.1. Energy and Bandwidth Comparison of Concrete Modulation Systems 5.2. Basic Ideas of the Shannon theory 186 5.2.1. The Shannon Model of Information Transmission 5. 2.2. Capacity 190 5.3. AWGN Channel Capacity and the Phase Modulation Channel 5.2.3. Bandwidth and dimensionality 194 5.3. 1. AWGN Channel Capacity......... 194 5.3.2.. a Phase Modulation Channel Model 195 Contents 5.4. The Cutoff Rate for Phase Modulation Channels 199 5.5. Numerical Results for Ro........ 202 5.6. Energy-Bandwidth Plots Derived from Ro 2 References Chapter 6. Transmitters 211 6.1. Read Only Memory Implementations....... 212 6. 1. ROM Transmitter Theory 213 6. 1.2. Practical Considerations for roM Transmitters 216 6.2. Phase-Locked Loop Implementations 224 6.3. Bandpass Filter and hard-Limiter implementation 227 6. 4. Serial and Parallel msK transmitters 231 6.5. Conclusions 23 References 单。·,·· ,·D·。··· 234 Chapter 7. Receivers 237 7. 1. Optimum Coherent and noncoherent Receivers for CPFSK 7. 1. 1. Optimum ML Coherent Receiver for CPFSK............ 238 7.1.2. Optimal Ml Noncoherent Receiver for CPFSK 242 7. 2. Optimum Viterbi Receivers ,,.246 7.3. Implementation of the Viterbi Algorithm for CPM 252 7.4. Performance Simulation.... 255 7.4.1. Simulating Channel Noise 。·非··,,非鲁非申非非,垂, 257 7.4.2. Realization of the Viterbi Algorithm and Numerical Results 259 7.5. Analysis of Simple Noncoherent Receivers 7.5. 1. Differential Detection 263 7.5.2. Discriminator Detection 269 7.5.3. Numerical Results 271 7.5.4. Application of Sequence Detection 275 References 276 Chapter 8. Simplified Receivers 8.1. Reduced Complexity Viterbi Detectors 279 8.1.1. The Complexity Reduction Concept 280 8.1.2. The Performance Measure 282 8.1.3. Properties of the Minimum Euclidean Distance for Mismatched Signal Sets 285 3.1.4. Optimizing the reduced-Complexity Receiver 8. 1.5. Numerical Results 289 8.1.6. Summary and Tradeoff between Complexity Reduction and Performance 294 8.2. MSK-Type Receivers........ 295 8.2. 1. Receiver Principle and Performance 296 8.2.2. The Optimum Receiver Filter 300 8.2.3. Numerical Results 305 8.2. 4. Discussion and comparisons 309

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