LSDS-1368_ L8_Surface-Reflectance-Code-LASRC-Produ

文件名称: LSDS-1368_ L8_Surface-Reflectance-Code-LASRC-Product-Guide

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详细说明：Landsat8号开发算法。This document describes relevant characteristics of the Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance(SR), Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Reflectance, and TOA Brightness Temperature (BT)products to facilitate their use in the land remote sensing community.The SR and TOA Reflectance are derived from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and TOA BT is derived from Landsat 8 OLI and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)data.Information about Surface Reflectance processing of Landsat 4-5, and Landsat 7 data can be found in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) Product Guide. Other processing options, such as spectral indices, format conversion, spatial subset, and/or coordinate system reprojection are described in other product guides.Executive Summary This document describes relevant characteristics of the landsat 8 surface reflectance (SR), Top of Atmosphere(TOA)Reflectance, and Toa Brightness Temperature(BT) products to facilitate their use in the land remote sensing community The Sr and toa Reflectance are derived from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager OLD), and TOA BT is derived from Landsat 8 OLI and Thermal Infrared Sensor TIRs) data Information about Surface Reflectance processing of Landsat 4-5, and Landsat 7 data can be found in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS)Product Guide Other processing options, such as spectral indices, format conversion, spatial subset and/or coordinate system reprojection are described in other product guides LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Document History Document Document Number Version Publication date Change Number LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 December 2018 CR14577 LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Contents Executive Summary…… Document History… ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■自■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■口■■■■■■■■■■■■■■日■■日首■■■■■■■■目■量 Contents ist of Fiqures…….4..4yi ist of tab|es…vi Section1| ntroduction.,…,,……… 1.1 Background I..8.B 1.2 Document Organization Section 2 Known issues Section 3 Caveats and constraints Section 4 Product Options 4.1 Input Products… aaa.aa:aa:a:.aaaaaa:aa:aaaa.:a:aaaaa 4.2 Input Product Metadata 4.3Sur「 ace Reflectance.……… 4.4 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance 4.5 Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature 57777889 4.6 Spectral Indices .BBI.:aa:aa日aa.a日a:aa:aa: B..B.a Section 5 Product Access ■■画 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■a■■日■B画■口■ 10 Section 6 Product Packaging.a. Section7 Product 7.1 Surface Reflectance Specifications 7.1.1 Radiometric Saturation band 7 7.1.2 Aerosol QA Band 7.1.3 Surface Reflectance Metadata 19 7.1.4 Surface Reflectance Special Notes 19 7.2 Cloud and cloud shadow specifications∴…20 7.2.1 CFMask Algorithm Known Issues 20 7.3 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature Specifications 20 7.3.1 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance-Bands 1-7, 9 Specifications .............20 7.3.2 Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature - Bands 10-11 Specifications 21 7.3.3 TOA Reflectance Special Notes 22 Section8 Auxiliary Data.,…,…,,,,…,,…,,…,,,,………,……23 Section 9 Citation Information Section 10 Acknowledgments 25 Section 11 User services 26 Appendix a Default File Characteristics……………………………27 Appendix b Metadata Field.. 28 Appendix Acronyms…,…,…,…,…,…,…,…,…,…,…,,…,……29 V LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Appendix d Document Change History.……,, References…34 ist of Fiqures Figure 1-1. EXamples of the natural color composites of the Level 1 data(left)and Surface Reflectance(right) Figure 2-1 Example of speckling in Surface Reflectance bands(right), with Top of Atmosphere(TOA) Reflectance(left) shown for reference 4 List of tables Table 1-1 Differences between landsat 4-7 and landsat 8 Surface reflectance algorithms 重重 :.“: I.D:.a:aaa. .B.D::.a:aa:.“aaa.a Table 7-1 Surface Reflectance Specifications 13 Table 7-2 Landsat 8 Pixel Quality assessment(pixel qa) Bit Index..........13 Table 7-3 Landsat 8 Pixel Quality Assessment(pixel ga)values 13 Table 7-4 Landsat 8 Pixel Quality Assessment(pixel qa)Value Interpretations 16 Table 7-5 Landsat 8 Radiometric Saturation Quality Assessment (radsat qa) Bit Index I00 D n00000000“a“aa:a:aaa 17 Table 7-6 Landsat 8 Internal Surface Reflectance Aerosol Quality Assessment (sr aerosol)Bit Index............ 18 Table 7-7 landsat 8 sr aerosol values 重m 18 Table 7-8 Landsat 8 sr aerosol value Interpretations 重重 19 Table 7-9 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance-Bands 1-7, 9 Specifications.......21 Table 7-10 Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature- Bands 10-11 Specifications 000D“:“:aa 22 Table 8-1 Auxiliary Data for LaSRc 23 Table a-1 Collection 1 Default file characteristics ..27 LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Section1 Introduction 1.1 Background Landsat satellite data have been produced archived and distributed by the u.s Geological Survey (UsGs)since 1972. Users rely upon these data for conducting historical studies of land surface change but have shouldered the burden of post- production processing to create applications-ready data sets. To alleviate this burden on the user, the UsGs has initiated an effort to produce a collection of Landsat Science Products to support land surface change studies. These products include terrestrial variables such as Surface Reflectance(SR), Surface Temperature(ST), Burned area (BA), fractional Snow Covered Area(fSCA), and Dynamic Surface Water EXtent (DSWE) that are suitable for monitoring, assessing, and predicting land surface change over time Figure 1-1. EXamples of the natural color composites of the Level 1 data(left)and Surface Reflectance(right) In Figure 1-1, the images are acquired by Landsat 8 at WRS-2 Path 47 Row 27,on October 14.2013 he products described here are the outputs of the Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Code lasrc)algorithm, which is distinctly different from the algorithm used by USGs to process Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper(TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+)Level 1 products to Surface Reflectance, known as the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System(LEDAPS) Details of these differences are described in table 1-1 LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Parameter Landsat 4-5, 7( LEDAPS) Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (LaSRC) (Original)research grant NASA GSFC, MEaSUREs (Masek) NASA GSFC Global coverage Yes Yes TOA Reflectance Visible(Bands1-5,7) MⅥisbe( Bands1-7,9) TOA Brightness Temperature Thermal (Band 6) Thermal (Bands 10&11 TIRs) SR Ⅵsbe(1-5,7)band Visible(Bands 1-7)(OLl only) Thermal bands used in sR Yes( Brightness temperature Band 6 is processIng used in cloud estimation) No Radiative transfer model 6S Internal algorithm Thermal correction level TOA only TOA only Thermal band units Kelvin Kelvin Pre essure NCEP Grid Surface pressure is calculated ternally based on the elevation Water vapor NCEP Grid MODIS CMA Air temperature NCEP Grid MODIS CMA DEM Global climate Model dem Global climate model dem Ozone OMI/TOMS MODIS CMG Coarse resolution ozone Correlation between chlorophyll AOT absorption and bound water absorption of MODIS CMA scene Sun angle Scene center from input metadata Scene center from input metadata View zenith angle From input metadata Hard-coded to o Undesirable zenith angle SR not processed when solar zenith SR not processed when solar zenith correction angle >76 degrees angle >76 degrees Pan band processed? No No XML metadata? Yes Yes Brightness temperature calculated Yes(Band 6 TM/ETM+) Yes(Bands 10 &11 TIRS Cloud mask Internal algorithm cFmask Internal algorithm cFmask Data fomat INT16 INT16 Fill values 999g 9999 Cloud Cloud Adjacent cloud Cloud shadow Adjacent cloud Cloud shadow Qa bands DDV Fill Aerosols Land water Cirrus Aerosol Interpolation Flag Atmospheric opacity 6S= Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, AOT= Aerosol Optical Thickness, CFMask C Version of Function Of Mask, CMA= Climate Modeling Grid-Aerosol, CMG= Climate Modeling Grid, DDV Dark Dense Vegetation, DEM= Digital Elevation ModeL, ETM+= Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center, INT=Integer, LaSRC =Landsat Surface Reflectance Code, LEDAPS= Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System, MEaSUREs= Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments, MODIS= Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: NA Not Applicable, NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction, OL/= Operational Land Imager, OM= Ozone Monitoring Instrument, QA Quality Assessment, SR= Surface Reflectance, TIRS Thermal Infrared Sensor, TM= Thematic Mapper, TOA= Top of Atmosphere Reflectance, TOMS= Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, XML= EXtensible Markup Language Table 1-1 Differences between landsat 4-7 and landsat 8 Surface reflectance algorithms LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 LaSRC's original development and preliminary characterization is documented in the peer-reviewed manuscript published by vermote et aL., 2016. Please see References section for more details 1.2 Document Organization This document contains the following sections Section 1 provides an introduction Section 2 describes known issues Section 3 provides an explanation of caveats and constraints Section 4 provides a list of product options Section 5 provides details on product access Section 6 provides details on product packaging Section 7 provides an explanation of product characteristics Section 8 provides auxiliary data Section 9 provides document citation information Section 10 provides document acknowledgements Section 1 1 provides User Services contact information Appendix a provides glossary terms and definitions Appendix b provides a list of metadata fields Appendix c provides a list of acronyms The references section contains a list of reference documents 3 LSDS-1368 Version 1.0 Section 2 Known issues The artifacts present in the Surface Reflectance data products obtained before Jul 2016 have been largely eliminated. The artifacts, or blockiness"was largely caused by the Global Climate Modeling(GCM)grids aerosol values not being correctly interpolated to the Landsat grid, causing grid-shaped artifacts. To prevent this, LaSRC now interpolates missing aerosol grid values to fit continuously within the landsat grid cells. While making the resulting data product appear more consistent, interpolated values are not direct measurements. Therefore, a Qa band (sr aerosol) is now provided with the Surface Reflectance data product (Section 7.1.2 Previous interpolation issues along coastal water bodies led us to implement a land/water mask to better identify coastal waters, since aerosols were not being retrieved over coastal waters. This resulted in significant blockiness along the coastal areas. Given the change in the new version of lasrc to use a separate algorithm for pixels identified as water, the coastal water mask has been removed from the processing stream However, some low-radiance speckling still appears over water in some Surface Reflectance bands Shown in Figure 2-1, the speckling exists over water in the shortwave infrared 2 band Figure 2-1 EXample of speckling in Surface Reflectance bands(right), with Top of Atmosphere(TOA) Reflectance(left) shown for reference In Figure 2-1, the images are from band 7(shortwave infrared 2 ) acquired by Landsat 8 at Worldwide Reference System 2(WRS-2)Path 13, Row 10 on March 30, 2013 Please see lasrc release Notes for more information pertaining to the algorithm pdates 4 LSDS-1368 Version 1.0

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