The popular fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) based on Euclidean distance function converges to a local minimum of the objective function, which can only be used to detect spherical structural clusters. Gustafson-Kessel(GK) clustering algorithm was deve

Penalty functions are often used in constrained optimization. However, it is very difficult to strike the right balance between objective and penalty functions. This paper introduces a novel approach to balance objective and penalty functions stochas

ArduPilot 中用于EKF2公式推导的参考文档 Rotation Vector in Attitude EstimationPITTELKAU Observe also that although a composition rule ( o 2 for XI. Note that in both approaches the attitude perturbation is defined otation vectors can be written(see Appendix), it